不同氮磷鉀肥施用量與種植密度對仙草產量及品質之影響

Effects of Different Application Rates of N-P-K Fertilizers and Planting Densities on The Yield and Quality of Hsian-Tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl.)

胡敏夫(Min-Fu Hu) ； 張愛華(Ai-Hwa Chang) ； 呂椿棠(Chun-Tang Lu) ； 劉新裕(Sin-Yie Liu)

《中華農業研究》 47卷3期 (1998/09) Pp. 259-266

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199809.0005

摘要

以氮素100、140(ck)及180 kg/ha三級，磷矸40(ck)及80 kg/ha二級，氧化鉀70(ck)及140 kg/ha二級等參試組合，施用化肥種類為硫酸銨，過磷酸鈣及氯化鉀。第一年選水稻後作地栽培，試驗設計採用RCBD設計，4重複，3行區，行株距為1.4m×0.9m（7,940樹公頃）：第二年選旱作地（前作馬鈴薯），株距採0.9m及0.6m（11,900株／公頃）二種密度，肥料種類及用量等級同前年，試驗採裂區設計，試驗地點擇嘉義縣水上鄉生產區。第一年試驗結果發現，每公頃平均乾株產量以N1P1K1區(100:40:70 kg/ha)最高達10,230 kg，次依序為N2P2K1區10,180 kg及N3P2K2區9,886 kg；每公頃平均葉產量則以N2P1K1區最高達3,084 kg，次依序為N2P1K2區2,846 kg及N2P2K1區2,717 kg，而N1P1K1區亦達2,618 kg，但上述數據經變方分析結果，並未達5%顯著差異水準。氦、磷及鉀肥間對產量之主效應分析，亦未達5%顯著差異水準。葉凝膠強度分析，發現N1P2K2區(100:80:140 kg/ha)之葉凝膠強度較高118.2 g/平方公分，而N1P1K1區僅29.4 g/平方公分，由此結果可瞭解，在乾株產量及葉凝膠強度兩項性狀均表現較佳之肥料組合為N100:P2O580:K2O 140 kg/ha。第二年試驗結果發現，氮肥施用量增加有促使仙草莖增長及葉凝膠強度提高之趨勢，磷肥與鉀肥效應則相反，即增施磷肥除對葉凝膠強度有利外，對其他性狀均不利，而鉀肥則反是，施用量增加並不能有效提高葉凝膠強度。種植密度間之效應比較，D2島處理（每公頃種植11,900株）雖然在平均單株重量較低，但在每公頃之乾株及乾葉產量上比D1處理（7,940株）高，有顯著差異。處理組合間之效應比較，每公頃平均乾株產量及葉凝膠強度兩項性狀均表現較高者為採株距90 cm種植之D1N2P2K2區(140:80:140 kg/ha)，其各獲得6,067 kg與110.7 g/平方公分；而採株距60 cm種植者，為D2N3P2K2區(180;80;140)，各獲得7,092 kg與142.4 g/平方公分。

關鍵字

仙草 ； 肥料 ； 凝膠強度

並列摘要

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different application rates of N-P-K fertilizers and planting densities on the dry plant yield, leaf yield and leaf gel formation strength of Hsian-tsao after rice and potato cropping in 1996 and 1997. A new strain of 78-T-1 was used in a RCBD design with four replications. N-P-K fertilizers were applied in plot with different rates of 100,140 and 180 kg/ha of N, 40 and 80 kg/ha of P2O5, 70 and 140 kg of K2O. Planting density of D1 (7,490 plants/ha) was adopted in the first year, and D2 (11,900 plants/ha) was added in the second year using a spilt-plot design at Shui-Shang in Chia-I county. The results of the first year showed that the plot of N1P1K1 (100:40:70 kg/ha) had the best performance on dry plant yield of 10,230 kg/ha, following by the plot of N2P1K2 (10,180 kg) and N3P2K2 (9,886 kg), but in the plots of N2P1K1 (3,084 kg/ha), N2P1K2 (2,846 kg/ha), and N2P2K1 (2,717 kg/ha) were found having higher dry leaf yields. These were not significantly different among plots as well as individual effect of each fertilizer rate on the dry plant yield and dry leaf yield in analysis of variance, Although the N1P2K2 plot do not have higher dry plant yield, but it obtained better gel formation strength in leaf with 118.2 g/cm^2 than the other plots after rice cropping. Results from planting after potato cropping found that Hsian-tsao plants were more vigorous with better gel formation strength in the N3 (180 kg) plot than in the N2 (140 kg) and N1 (100 kg) plots with inconsistent effects of P and K. In comparison of the effect of the planting densities, D2 treatment obtained more dry plant yield and dry leaf yield per hectare than D1 treatment which had higher whole plant yield per plant. The best combination of N, P2O5 and K2O rates was found in D1N2P2K2 and D2N3P2K2 plots of having the highest dry plant yield per hectare and the best gel formation strength in leaf.

並列關鍵字

Hsian-tsao Mesona procumbens Hemsl. ； Fertilizer ； Gel formation strength