落花生種間雜交種之鑑別及其特性分析

Identification and Characteristic Analysis of Interspecific Hybrids of Peanut

黃惠娟(Huey-Jiusn Husng) ； 曹文隆(Wen-Long Tsaur) ； 林順福(Shun-Fu Lin) ； 謝兆樞(Jaw-Shu Hsieh) ； 蔡志濃(Jhi-Nong Tsai)

《中華農業研究》 48卷1期 (1999/03) Pp. 40-51

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199903.0004

摘要

為改良栽培種落花生之銹病及葉斑病抗性，本所引進抗病野生種落花生種原，經兩年觀察試驗後，將8個野生種原與本地栽培種進行種間雜交。經由染色体體數目的觀察及RAPD的分析，確認得到三倍體F1的植株，而理論上不稔的F1植株，藉由自然發生或人為秋水仙素處理形成的無減數分裂的孢子，即2N的花粉，可得到染色體數不等(2n=40~60)的F2後代，其中部分單株可稔，目前已繁衍至F5世代。雜種後代抗銹病的檢定結果，初步可確知野生種的抗銹病性機制不同於栽培種的緩銹病性，且不同野生種間其抗銹病的遺傳機制亦不相同，其中A. chacoense對銹病為免疫性，其抗性機制不屬於顯隱性關係。A. villosa及A. spegazzinii則為部分顯性。

關鍵字

落花生栽培種 ； 落花生野生種 ； 種間雜交種

並列摘要

To improve disease resistance to rust and leaf spots, eight introduced wild species of peanut germplasm were crossed with cultivars grown in Taiwan. The F1 plants of cross combinations were confirmed to be triploid by the examination of chromosome number and RAPD analysis. By colchicine treatment or spontaneous diploidization, the interspecific F1 hybrids could produce ameiotic spores namely, 2N pollen, thus various numbers of chromosome were observed in the F2 progenies (2n=40-60). Some of the F2 plants were fertile, and the progenies were propagated to F5 generation. The results of rust pathogen inoculation for interspecific F5 hybrid progenies were summarized as follows: The resistance for rust of wild type peanuts were different from the slow resistant mechanism of cultivars. The wild type peanuts have the different genes for rust resistance, such as the resistance of A. chacoense was immunity, and the resistance of A. villosa and A. spegazzinii were partial dominance.

並列關鍵字

Cultivated peanut Arachis hypogaea ； Wild peanut ； Interspecific hybrid