Insecticide Resistance in Plutella xylostella L. XI. Resistance to Newly Introduced Insecticides in Taiwan (1990~2001)

小菜蛾抗藥性之研究十一、對數種新型殺蟲劑之抗性(1990~2001)

高靜華(Ching-Hua Kao) ； 鄭允(Edward Y Cheng)

《中華農業研究》 50卷4期 (2001/12) Pp. 80-89

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.200112.0009

摘要

小菜蛾對傳統殺蟲劑氨基甲酸鹽劑、有機磷劑、合成除蟲菊精劑及昆蟲生長調節劑等抗性之偵測研究已於1980~1990年間完成，並經田間測試減緩抗性發展之對策，以因應此一易發生抗藥性害蟲之防治。而農藥工業界也於1990~2000年間陸續推出各類作用不同的新殺蟲劑，其中登記於小菜蛾者包括免速達、兔扶克、阿巴汀、汰芬隆、芬普尼、克凡派、賜諾殺、因滅汀、印楝素及多種新型蘇力菌。但此一期間，本省之小菜蛾田間族群對上列新型藥劑是否已產生抗性則尚有待瞭解。本研究選定溪湖及路竹兩大蔬菜專業區進行採集及藥效測試，結果顯示除了汰芬隆因使用不多，未發現明顯抗藥性外，兩地區之小菜蛾對所有新登記藥劑均產生不同程度之抗性，尤甚者為效果極佳之阿巴汀及經純化之同型藥劑因滅汀，分別有2500~5000倍及150~300倍之抗藥性，而作用同為抑制GABA傳導之另一藥劑芬普尼，也有65~100倍抗性產生。分屬氨基甲酸鹽及培丹類似物之免扶克及免速達，於1997年時之抗性倍數已達20~30倍。作用於粒線體之克凡派抗性約10倍，小菜蛾對賜諾殺之抗性也已有60倍。印楝素亦有抗性產生，且因該藥劑本身極為黏稠，提高濃度更使噴藥不易，而無法使用。1996~97年監測時發現，溪湖及路竹小菜蛾對蘇力菌均有中等程度之抗性，路竹地區「向前走」及「獨佳」兩種製劑之效果均有下降趨勢，但2001年之測試結果仍維持原有之抗性程度。由以上資料研判，近10年來小菜蛾之防治因新藥劑不斷推出，而獲良好之控制，惟因對各類新藥之抗性已逐漸形成，未來5~10年間小菜蛾仍可能因對新藥劑之嚴重抗藥性，再度成為十字花科蔬菜之首要害蟲，故吾人應持續對新型藥劑進行抗性監測及抗藥性對策之研究。

關鍵字

小菜蛾 ； 新型殺蟲劑 ； 抗藥性 ； 監測

並列摘要

The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) has developed resistances to almost all conventional insecticides, for example, carbamates, organophosphorus compounds, synthetic pyrethroids, and insect growth regulators. The resistance and cross-resistance amongst these insecticides had been studied and clarified. A strategy by rotating selected insecticides to manage the resistant DBM has been proposed and tested in field, and the result is acceptable to farmers. From 1990 to 2000, many new insecticides with unique mode of actions were registered, and DBM control is no longer a problem for farmers. However, whether DBM also slowly develops resistance to those new insecticides is worth to study. DBM strains were collected from two largest vegetable districts, His-hu and Lu-chu, for testing the resistance profile to newly registered insecticides. The test results confirmed that field DBM has developed resistance to new insecticides except diafenthiuron. The resistance ratios of abamectin and emamectin benzoate between two field DBM populations are 2500~5000 and 300~150 respectively; the resistance ratio of another GABA inhibitor, fipronil, between these two populations is 65~104. The resistance ratio of derivatives of cartap and carbamate, bensultap and benfuracarb between two different populations are 20~30 and 10~30 respectively. The resistance ratio of chlorfenapyr and spinosad between two different populations are 10 and 60 respectively. The DBM resistance to commercial product of neem extract, azadirachtin, is too high for field application practically since the high viscosity of the extracted product plugged the spray nuzzle of sprayer when the concentrated product was used.

並列關鍵字

Plutella xylostella ； Insecticide ； Resistance ； Resistance monitoring