小菜蛾為台灣十字花科作物最重要之害蟲,因其對防治殺蟲劑快速產生極高抗藥性,導致十字花科作物在品質及產量上重大損失,因此農民重複及加重用藥,結果更導致農藥汙染環境之風險。本實驗室開發具協力作用之複方藥劑,有效降低田間防治小菜蛾藥劑量及抗藥性,為瞭解此新配方藥劑如美文松 + 因得克(Mevinphos + Indoxacarb)、賽滅寧 + 因得克(Cypermethrin + Indoxacarb)、芬化利 + 賜諾殺(Fenvalerate + Spinosad)及賽滅寧 + 阿巴汀(Cypermethrin + Abamectin)對人體及環境之安全性,俾利上市及農民之應用,因此本研究以Ames test利用沙門氏菌之TA98和TA100菌株進行協力藥劑測試,並分別添加與不添加肝臟活化酵素(S9)測試上述配方製劑之致變異性,同時進行單方與複方藥劑之分析比較,以瞭解此些製劑上市之可能性。結果顯示單方成品藥劑芬化利(Fenvalerate)、賽滅寧(Cypermethrin)、美文松(Mevinphos)、因得克(Indoxacarb)、阿巴汀(Abamectin)、賜諾殺(Spinosad)中,僅因得克不具致突變性;複方藥劑均具致突變性,其中芬化利 + 賜諾殺及美文松 + 因得克經S9酵素活化後,其毒性及致突變性降低,似較具潛力開發之配方,唯所有配方均產生致突變性,故需進行動物試驗加以確認其安全性,方有實際應用之可能。
Diamondback moth is the one of most important pests of cruciferous crops in Taiwan. It can quickly induce extremely high resistance to control pesticides. They also cause high damage in quality and yield of cruciferous crops. Therefore, farmers increase the dosage of control insecticides in the field, results in the chemical pollution in environment. We had developed new mixed formulated insecticides, and also effectively reducing diamondback moth and their resistance. In order to understand the safety of these new mixed formulations(Mevinphos + Indoxacarb, Cypermethrin + Indoxacarb, Fenvalerate + Spinosad and Cypermethrin + Abamectin). We run the Ames test with TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium to test all new formulation of insecticide in this study. We also added with and without liver activation enzymes(S9) to elucidate the difference between the intoxification and detoxification, and analyzed the differences of mutation between single and mixed formulated insecticides. The results showed that single insecticides such as Fenvalerate, Cypermethrin, Mevinphos, Indoxacarb, Abamectin, Spinosad, belonged to mutagenic agents, but Indoxacarb has no mutagenic effect. Mixed insecticides all are mutagenic agents, but Fenvalerate + Spinosad and Mevinphos + Indoxacarb these two mixed insecticides can reduce their toxic and mutagenic effect with the S9 enzyme activation. These two formula seem to posses the potential to develop new compound in future market. Owing to all formulations produce mutagenic effect, therefore, we need animal test to confirm safety in advance.