Modern Research on the Natural Life History of the Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica

日本鰻自然生活史研究的進展

曾萬年(Wann-Nian Tzeng)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 31卷2期 (2004/06) Pp. 73-84

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.200406.0001

摘要

鰻魚(Anguilla spp.)生活史的研究，可以回溯到1920年代。近年來，由於耳石微化學及基因技術的導入，使得蒙上一層神秘面紗的鰻魚的生活史及生態之研究有了突破性的進展。本研究簡要回顧近15年來日本鰻生活史研究的發現，特別是種化及演化過程、產卵場的探索、族群的遺傳結構、性比的偏歪分布與族群密度關係、耳石的研究及其在洄游環境歷史的應用。日本鰻、美洲鰻及歐洲鰻的資源量，目前已經下降到只剩1-10%，正處於生物安全警戒線之下。資源減少與過漁，棲地惡化及氣候變遷有關，但真正原因仍然不確定。為了有效地管理及保育，鰻魚生活史的研究必需持之以恆。

關鍵字

日本鰻 ； 種化及演化 ； 產卵場 ； 耳石微化學 ； 生活史 ； 族群結構 ； 資源衰竭

並列摘要

Life history studies on freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) date approximately from 1920s. Due to the wide application of new otolith microchemistry and DNA techniques, the knowledge on the life history and ecology of the eel has remarkably increased in the last 15 years. This paper briefly reviews recent findings of the natural life history of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, particularly speciation and evolutionary processes, discovery of the spawning ground, DNA microsatellite analysis of population structure, the relationship between sex ratio and population density, and otolith research and its application to migratory environmental history of the species. Recently, populations of Japanese, American and European eels have dramatically decreased, which may relate to overfishing, habitat degradation and global climate change, but the reason for decline is uncertain. Knowledge of life history traits of the eel is essential for effective management and conservation.

並列關鍵字

Anguilla japonica ； Speciation and Evolution ； Spawning Ground ； Otolith Microchemistry ； Life History ； Population Structure ； Population Decline