Aquaculture Practices in Taiwan and Its Visions

台灣的水產養殖現況及其遠景

廖一久(I-Chiu Liao)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 32卷3期 (2005/09) Pp. 193-206

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.200509.0001

摘要

台灣的水產養殖歷史開始於300多年前。一般來說，台灣水產養殖的發展歷史可分成三個階段。1)傳統時期(1661-1962)；2)興盛時期(1963-1987)；以及3)過渡時期（1988-現今）。
多年來，台灣被認為是世界上相當進步和有利基的水產養殖技術的國家之一。台灣的水產養殖的重要成就，主要包括草蝦、烏魚、虱目魚、吳郭魚、鰻魚和海鱸等養殖種類之繁殖和養殖技術的發展。除此之外，生物技術在養殖上應用的成就也頗受國際矚目，例如觀賞魚產業中的基因轉殖魚的生產（如斑馬魚）及分子診斷技術在蝦類病毒上和生物製劑於魚病預防上的應用。
水產養殖業持續的繁榮發展，對國家漁業的生產、食品供應、鄉村生計、就業機會和社會經濟發展均有重大意義，不過，遇到了問題，也會波及相關產業之發展，有時甚而導致崩潰。另外，大多數養殖業者過度利益導向和過度追求生產量等問題，終將產生負面影響。加上政府的一些管理和策略過於官僚化，難免妨礙水產養殖業的進一步發展。對於台灣水產養殖的現況，有必要緊急提出能夠抵抗隨潮流趨勢更迭的策略，因此以下之策略面建議實有迫切重視的必要，包括：再加強傳統技術（如在幼苗生產方面）；應用營養和食物安全健康上的科學新知於水產養殖；發展對環境友善無害的水產養殖系統；鼓勵生產附加價值較大的養殖對象種；以及增強跟地方、地區和國際研究機構問之台作機會。

關鍵字

水產養殖發展 ； 問題點 ； 管理策略 ； 永續發展

並列摘要

Aquaculture in Taiwan began more than 300 years ago. In general, the history of aquaculture development in Taiwan can be divided in three stages: 1) Traditional stage (1661-1962); 2) Prosperous stage (1963-1987); and, 3) Transition stage (1988-present). At present, Taiwan is recognized as one of the countries with the most advanced and practical aquaculture technologies in the world. The significant achievements of aquaculture in Taiwan are the development of mass propagation and culture techniques for many aquaculture species including grass prawn, grey mullet, milkfish, tilapia, eel, and cobia among others. Biotechnological achievements are also noteworthy and these include the production of transgenic fish for the aquarium industry (e.g. zebrafish), development of molecular diagnostic techniques for most viral diseases of prawns, and the use of bioproducts for disease prevention in prawns.
As aquaculture continued to prosper which contributed significantly to the country's fisheries production, food supply, rural livelihood, employment generation and socio-economic growth, problems were also encountered which resulted in the partial collapse of the industry. And the fact that most aquafarmers are too profit-oriented, overseeing these problems in exchange for higher production also resulted in negative effects on the aquaculture industry in the long run. Some government rules and policies, as well as bureaucracy, hinder the advancement of the industry towards sustainable aquaculture. With the current situation of the aquaculture industry in Taiwan, which is somehow not in harmony of what is happening in the world aquaculture, there is an urgent need to propose strategies that can sustain the industry in the future, including: strengthening of traditional techniques (e.g. on mass larval production); scientific research on nutrition and health; development of environment-friendly aquaculture systems; value-addition among processed aquaculture products; and, institutional cooperation locally, nationally and internationally.

並列關鍵字

Aquaculture development ； Problems ； Management strategies ； Sustainable production