Effects of Nonylphenol on the Immune Response and Disease Resistance of White Shrimp, ＂Litopenaeus vannamei＂

壬基苯酚對白蝦免疫及抗病力之影響

劉俊宏(Chun-Hung Liu) ； 謝季吟(Chi-Ying Hsieh) ； 顏嘉宏(Chia-Hung Yen) ； 葉信平(Shinn-Ping Yeh)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 38卷2期 (2011/06) Pp. 125-139

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.201106.0003

摘要

壬基苯酚為一種環境荷爾蒙，因為其具有雌性素特性，故近來受到生態毒理學研究的重視。為瞭解壬基苯酚對水產養殖蝦類的影響，本研究對攝食含壬基苯酚飼料後之白蝦，進行壬基苯酚的生物累積、免疫反應（包括血球數、酚氧化酵素活性、呼吸爆、抗氧化狀態、血球吞噬及清除效率）及抗病力分析。生物累積分析顯示，蝦子攝食含100 μg/kg壬基苯酚飼料30天後，其生物累積量高達600.78 μg NP/g shrimp，但在攝食含50 μg NP/kg壬基苯酚飼料之蝦子體中，並未測得壬基苯酚的累積。蝦子攝食含壬基苯酚濃度為10、50及100 μg/kg飼料30天後，其死亡率分別為11.1%、15.6%及17.8%，而控制組蝦子則全部活存。實驗期間，各處理組蝦子的總血球數、不同血球數或酚氧化酵素活性皆無明顯改變。但每顆顆粒血球之酚氧化酵素活性，在蝦子攝食含壬基苯酚飼料經28天後，則明顯降低。由呼吸爆、麩胱苷肽過氧化酉每 及麩胱苷肽還原酶明顯增加之結果，可知蝦子攝食含壬基苯酚飼料後，產生了氧化壓力。雖然在本研究中超氧歧化酵素並無明顯改變，但蝦子在攝食含100 μg NP/kg壬基苯酚飼料經28天後，其血球吞噬活性及清除病原效率皆明顯受到抑制，這應是造成攝食含10-100 μg NP/kg壬基苯酚飼料之蝦子在經病原＂V. alginolyticus＂注射後死亡會明顯提升所致。總言之，蝦子在攝食含含壬基苯酚飼料後，其免疫及抗病力會明顯受到抑制。

關鍵字

淡壬基苯酚 ； 白蝦 ； 免疫反應 ； 抗病力

並列摘要

Nonylphenol (NP), an environmental hormone has garnered great concern in recent ecotoxicological research because of its estrogenic properties. In order to understand the effects of NP on aquacultured shrimp, this study evaluated NP bioaccumulation, immune response (including the hemocyte count, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts, the antioxidant status, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency), and disease resistance of shrimp after being fed NP-containing diets at the concentration of 0 (control), 10, 50, and 100 μg NP/kg diet. The NP bioaccumulation assay showed that shrimp fed a diet containing NP at the level of 100 μg NP/kg diet for 30 days had NP bioaccumulation of 600.78 μg NP/ g shrimp, but no NP bioaccumulation was found in shrimp fed diets containing NP at up to 50 μg NP/ kg diet. After feeding the NP-containing diet for 30 days, 11.1%, 15.6%, and 17.8% of shrimp had died in treatments with 10, 50, and 100 μg NP/kg diet, respectively, while control shrimp were all alive. No significant changes in the total hemocyte count, differential hemocyte count, or PO activity were found in any shrimp. However, PO activity per granular cell of shrimp treated with oral NP had significantly decreased by the 28th day. Oxidative stress was observed in this study as based on the increased respiratory bursts, glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione reductase. Although no significant difference in superoxide dismutase activity was found in any shrimp, the phagocytic activity of shrimp fed the 100 μg NP/kg diet for 28 days, and clearance efficiency of shrimp against ＂Vibrio alginolyticus＂ decreased in shrimp treated with NP at concentrations of 10-100 μg NP/kg diet, which corresponded to mortalities of NP-treated shrimp after being injected with the pathogen, ＂V. alginolyticus＂. It is, therefore, considered that white shrimp being fed with NP containing diets might suppress their immunity and disease resistance.

並列關鍵字

Nonylphenol ； White shrimp ； Immune response ； Disease resistance