Fishing Entity in Internation Law: An Analysis of Taiwan's Practice in the Pacific Ocean

漁捕實體在國際法下之演變：臺灣在太平洋區域實踐之檢視

高世明(Shih-Ming Kao)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 39卷3期 (2012/09) Pp. 149-161

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.201209.0002

摘要

區域漁業管理組織已經被指定為沿海國與遠洋漁捕國在公海漁業資源養護與管理合作之主要機制，特別在跨界與高度洄游魚群方面。本文之目的在於檢視臺灣以「漁捕實體」之身分參與區域漁業管理組織之實踐，特別是在中西太平洋漁業委員會與美洲熱帶鮪魚委員會。在上述兩組織中，臺灣以漁捕實體之身分，成功地獲得了與國家幾乎相同之權利，除了少部分涉及政治之事務，並成為國際漁業管理中之有力前例。該等成功或許可以歸究於臺灣漁捕船隊強大的漁捕能力，談判協商時會議主席之高度外交技巧與法律素養，以及臺灣友邦之大力支持。然而，若要將此一模式廣泛的應用於其他區域漁業管理組織，仍是一大挑戰，特別是來自對岸中國之抗議與壓力。

關鍵字

漁捕實體 ； 區域漁業管理組織 ； 聯合國魚群協定 ； 太平洋

並列摘要

Regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) have been designated as the primary mechanism for cooperation on conservation and management of high seas fisheries by fishing and coastal States, particularly on straddling and highly migratory stocks. The purpose of this article is to review the practice of Taiwan's participation as a ”Fishing Entity” in RFMOs, particularly focusing on the examples of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and the Inter-American Tropic Tuna Commission (IATTC). In both organizations, Taiwan, as a fishing entity, was granted rights almost equal to those granted to other State Members except for some political matters, and is a powerful precedent for international fisheries management. The successes may be attributed to the great capacity of Taiwan's fishing fleet, highly respected, diplomatically skillful, and legally-minded Chairmen, and the support of participating States with which it has official diplomatic relations. Despite this, effectively adapting this model to other RFMOs remains a great challenge, particularly the protests and pressure from the People's Republic of China.

並列關鍵字

Fishing entity ； Taiwan ； Regional Fisheries Management Organizations ； RFMOs ； United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement ； UNFSA ； the Pacific Ocean