吸熱膠體對銲件殘留應力與角變形之研究

A Study of Heat-absorbing Paste on Residual Stress and Angular Distortion in Weldment

莊瑛任(Y. J. Chuang) ； 林建宏(C. H. Lin) ； 林義成(Y. C. Lin)

《材料科學與工程》 33卷1期 (2001/03) Pp. 55-59

https://doi.org/10.6409/JMSE.200103.0055

摘要

本研究的目的是希望能藉由實驗的方式，即在銲接過程中添加吸熱膠體來改變沃斯田鐵型不銹鋼銲件熱輸入量及冷卻速率，以研究其對殘留應力與角變形的影響。實驗中所採用的銲接方法爲電漿電弧銲接，並選用AISI304不銹鋼，殘留應力以ASTM標准E837的鑽孔應變計法量測；熱循環量測採用動態溫度量測系統；變形值採用平均垂直位移量。研究顯示：在304不銹鋼材料中，銲接過程中的銲弧後面一定距離加入吸熱膠體，吸熱比例的改變並不會改變其縱向殘留應力值，但卻會使殘留應力分佈産生變化，使銲道附近殘留應力區縮小，其主要原因可能爲吸熱膠體提昇銲道附近材料冷卻速率與減少熱量進入銲道，因而造成銲道附近材料有較大的收縮作用與較小之熱輸入量，兩項因素交互作用下使縱向殘留應力無法下降，但卻可因而縮小殘留應力的作用區域之範圍。另外，吸熱作用會使角變形降低35%，其原因可有是吸熱冷卻銲接吸收了銲道上的熱量，使得銲件厚度上溫差減小，進而減少了銲件的角變形。

關鍵字

銲接 ； 殘留應力 ； 角變形 ； 吸熱膠

並列摘要

This study aimed at investigating of the effect of heat absorbing paste addition during welding process on the residual stress and angular distortion in the austenitic stainless steel weldment with the experimental study. In this study, the plasma arc welding was used to weld types 304 stainless steel base metal. The residual stresses were determined by using the hole-drilling strain-gage method of ASTM standard E837. During welding, the thermal cycle of different locations in weldment were recorded. The study results showed that the heat absorbing paste addition behind the welding arc in type 304 stainless steel weldment does not change the magnitude of longitudinal residual stress significantly, but different residual stresses distribution are obtained. The regions of tensile residual stress zone near the fusion zone can be decreased. This is because that the heat absorbing paste addition behind the welding arc will increase the shrinkage action of weldment and decrease heat input due to heat sink effect, the longitudinal residual stress can not be decrease significantly, but the heat sink effect can retard the expansion of region of tension residual stress zone. In addition, the angular distortion can be decreased by 35% while heat absorbing paste addition behind the welding arc, because of heat sink effect can decrease temperature difference in the thickness direction during welding process.

並列關鍵字

Welding ； Residual stress ； Angular distortion ； Heat absorbing paste