從福克蘭戰役到2003年波斯灣戰爭：公關化戰爭的發展歷程

From Falkland Islands War to Second Persian Gulf War: The Development Stages of the Public Relations Warfare

方鵬程(Perng-Cherng Fang)

《復興崗學報》 92期 (2008/12) Pp. 245-268

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.200812.0010

摘要

本研究採取歷史與文獻分析法，探究早期宣傳與現代宣傳的本質差異，並進一步確定公關化戰爭的意涵，據以分析現代晚期（冷戰時期）及後現代（後冷戰時期）軍隊有關公關化戰爭的發展歷程。
本研究主要目的著重公關化戰爭不同的發展時期，孕育出那些的管制作為與措施，以及這些作為與措施對於後續發展帶來何種影響。檢視國內有關公關化戰爭的研究，甚少見到從歷史的觀點從事縱線發展歷程的研究，本研究期能彌補此方面的不足。
全文計分為五個單元，除前言外，其次是相關文獻探討，包含新型式宣傳的概念、公關化戰爭的意涵、後越戰歸咎媒體症候群、美軍公共關係的改革、軍事事務革新(RMA)與資訊戰(IW)，第三節探論福克蘭戰役、格瑞那達戰役、巴拿馬戰爭、1991年波斯灣戰爭等現代晚期的公關化戰爭，第四節探論索馬利亞恢復希望行動、海地軍事行動、波士尼亞維和行動、阿富汗戰爭與2003年波斯灣戰爭等後現代時期的公關化戰爭，第五節是結論。

關鍵字

宣傳 ； 戰略性傳播 ； 越戰症候群 ； 軍隊公共關係 ； 軍事事務革新 ； 資訊戰 ； 公關化戰爭

並列摘要

This study employs historical research and document analysis methods to examine differences between the nature of initial and modern propaganda, and to further ascertain the implication of the Public Relations Warfare for analyzing the development stages of Public Relations Warfare of military during the Cold War and the post-Cold War era.
The purpose here focuses on the diverse development stages of the Public Relations Warfare, mechanisms and measures, and the subsequent impacts.
A great deal of effort has been made on Public Relations Warfare in Taiwan. Little, however, was known about studies of the longitudinal development stages from a historical perspective. This paper is to make up for the deficiency.
This paper is divided into five categories. The first chapter of this paper is the introduction. Secondly, the literature review, including the concepts of new propaganda, the implication of Public Relations Warfare, post-Vietnam blaming media syndrome, reformation in US public relations, Revolution in Military Affairs, and Information Warfare. Thirdly, the discussing of Public Relations Warfare in the Cold War era, including the Falkland Islands War, Grenada War, the US Invasion of Panama, and the Persian Gulf War. Fourthly, the discussing of Public Relations Warfare in post-Cold War era, such as the Operation Restore Hope in Somalia, the Operation Uphold Democracy in Haiti, the Bosnian War, the Soviet war in Afghanistan, and the Second Persian Gulf War. The last chapter is the conclusion.

並列關鍵字

propaganda ； strategic communication ； Vietnam syndrome ； military public relations ； Revolution in Military Affairs ； Information Warfare ； Public Relations Warfare