日本憲法訴訟與實質權利救濟（暫時救濟訴訟）問題之探討

To Investigate the Japanese Constitution Litigation and Substantive Right Relief's Questions

歐廣南(Kuang-Nan Ou)

《復興崗學報》 92期 (2008/12) Pp. 391-415

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.200812.0016

摘要

「訴訟權」，又稱之「程序基本權」，其目的在使實體權利於受到侵害時，有回復可能性，此亦即是憲法賦予人民行使實質權利救濟最基本的司法受益權。通常權利救濟的態様可分為：①事前救濟、②事後救濟、③預防救濟、④暫時救濟、⑤直接救濟與⑥間接救濟等六種類。研究憲法訴訟與實質權利救濟問題，除應包括「憲法訴訟時，法院（含憲法法庭、釋憲機關）判決法令違憲後的具體救濟方法」外，更渉及與憲法訴訟提起程序或訴訟要件相關的「暫時救濟」問題。本文所論暫時救濟制度，其並非憲法訴訟既存的救濟制度，乃指人民提起暫時救濟訴訟的運作過程，而衍生的憲法爭議問題。因此，從附隨民事訴訟、刑事訴訟以及行政訴訟之爭議事件，作為提起憲法訴訟與憲法救濟之入口，藉着探討日本暫時救濟與憲法爭議問題，進而瞭解憲法訴訟上的暫時救濟與民事訴訟、行政訴訟上的暫時救濟，其所適用裁判基準與法理有無差異性等問題。

關鍵字

憲法訴訟 ； 事前救濟 ； 事後救濟 ； 預防救濟 ； 暫時救濟 ； 直接救濟 ； 間接救濟

並列摘要

The lawsuit power is called the procedure basic power, its goal when causes the entity right in receiving the violation, and there is the recover possibility, this is the constitution bestows on the people to exercise the substantive right relief-the most basic judicature to profit the power. Usually the right relief's form may divide into six types: relief before the event, relief after the event, prevention relief, temporary relief, direct relief, and indirect relief. Researching constitution litigation and substantive right relief's questions, except that should include during the constitution litigation, concrete relief method for court (including Constitution Court, after releasing the constitution institution) decides the law violating the constitution , involving with the constitution litigation which mentions the procedure or the litigation related questions of temporary relief. This article discusses the system of temporary relief, it's not existing relief system in the constitution litigation, and are the people mention the lawsuit's operation process of temporary relief to grow constitution dispute questions.

並列關鍵字

Constitution Litigation ； Relief Before the Event ； Relief After the Event ； Prevention Relief ； Temporary Relief ； Direct Relief ； Indirect Relief