日本憲法爭議（訴訟）問題與暫時救濟訴訟案例之探討

擧凡所有包含憲法上爭點之訴訟（含民事訴訟、刑事訴訟以及行政訴訟中渉及憲法爭議在内），按基本人權的實質救濟而論，任何侵害人民基本人權之爭議事件，只要前項爭議事件構成憲法上的司法判斷適合要件，皆可向司法機關提起違憲侵害爭議之訴訟。基於此一原則，故憲法爭議事件，不宜過度拘泥於民事訴訟法、刑事訴訟法或行政訴訟法之規定，因為憲法本身就是最高位階的訴訟法規。據此可知，憲法救濟訴訟才是最終解決所有（含民事、刑事、行政）爭議的歸着點。同時憲法爭議上的暫時救濟制度，其並非憲法訴訟既存的救濟制度，乃指人民提起暫時救濟訴訟的運作過程，而衍生的憲法爭議問題。本文嘗試以研究日本民事假處分與行政停止執行救濟（含暫時課予義務、暫時禁止執行）訴訟中渉及憲法爭議的案例，諸如：出版品的假處分訴訟、受教權爭議的假處分、宗教信仰上的爭議與假處分問題、集會遊行的許可與停止執行爭議問題、出入境管理的爭議與停止執行問題、暫時課予保育園入園許可義務之爭議與産業廢棄物處理許可之暫時禁止執行的爭議等問題。從日本審理暫時救濟之憲法訴訟案件，適用訴訟原理與裁判基準，以及各級法院長期累積的司法裁判實務經驗，藉以作為我國憲法訴訟研究與借鑑。

關鍵字

憲法訴訟；事前救濟；事後救濟；預防救濟；暫時救濟；直接救濟；間接救濟

並列摘要

This article attempts to study the Japanese civil preliminary injunction and administration suspended execution remedy lawsuit (including giving the duty temporarily, and forbidding to carry out temporarily.), which involves the case of Constitution Dispute, i.e. preliminary injunction lawsuit of publication, preliminary injunction lawsuit for people having the right to receive an equal education, the right to strike on religious belief and preliminary injunction questions, the right to strike on assembly parade's permission and suspended execution questions, the immigration management dispute and suspended execution questions, the right to strike on giving the care garden enrollment in preschool permission duty temporarily, and the dispute to forbid to carry out temporarily about processing permission of abandoned stuff for industry. From Japan's trying the Constitution Lawsuit of Temporary Remedy, is suitable the lawsuit principle and the referee datum, as well as all levels of court long-term accumulation judicial referee practice experience, so as to be the Constitution Lawsuit research and profiting by observing others in our country.

並列關鍵字

Constitution Lawsuit ； Remedy Before the Event ； Remedy After the Event ； Prevention Remedy ； Temporary Remedy ； Direct Remedy ； Indirect Remedy

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日本憲法爭議（訴訟）問題與暫時救濟訴訟案例之探討

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