軍事動員模式的變遷：歷史趨勢與理論

The Transformation of Military Mobilization: Historical Trends and Theories

郭盛哲(Sheng-Che Kuo)

《復興崗學報》 96期 (2009/12) Pp. 107-125

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.200912.0005

摘要

軍事動員模式是一國如何將其人力動員以組成軍隊的過程。本文簡要地描述西方國家軍事動員模式變遷的歷史過程，並介紹解釋此一變遷過程的理論。西方國家在近代主要經歷兩次軍事動員模式的變遷，第一次是在十八世紀末期，由貴族式軍隊轉變成大規模徵兵制軍隊；第二次是從二十世紀中後期開始，由大規模徵兵制軍隊轉變為小規模專業軍隊。本文首先分別簡要介紹三種軍事動員模式的面貌。其次分別討論學者針對這兩次轉變所提出的解釋。在結論中，綜合上面兩個階段的解釋理論，本文提出幾個未來可能考慮的變項。

關鍵字

軍隊動員 ； 徵兵制 ； 募兵制 ； 大規模軍隊 ； 小規模專業軍隊

並列摘要

In order to organize the military, each society tries various ways of mobilizing people to serve in the military. This article is confined to western nations since the late 18th century to the present. It was in the late 18th century that aristocratic forms of military mobilization were first challenged by the appearance of a mass armed force. It was again since the end of World War II and then after the end of the Cold War that mass armed forces were gradually replaced by an all-volunteer professional force. This article first presents three major modes of military mobilization, followed by introducing theoretical interpretations of two major transformations. In the conclusion, several possible shared variables are proposed for future research.

並列關鍵字

military mobilization ； conscription ； all-volunteer forces ； mass armies ； all-volunteer professional forces