利益團體遊說手法探析：以「以色列人公共事務委員會」(AIPAC)運作情形為例

A Preliminary Study on Interest Groups' Lobbying Activities: Taking AIPAC Lobbying Efforts as an Example

余瓊瑤(Chiung-Yao Yu)

《復興崗學報》 97期 (2010/03) Pp. 159-177

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.201003.0008

摘要

本文以「美國以色列人公共事務委員會」(American Israel Public Affairs Committee, AIPAC)運用遊說影響美國支持以色列為例，說明利益團體如何運用遊說手法透過國會運作爭取利益。遊說的方式很多，從直接的運用人脈管道推動法案到間接的利用輿論對政治人物施壓等方式，都是利益團體影響決策的工具。而以AIPAC為首的親以色列遊說團體在以色列建國之後，成功的透過國會運作，獲得美國國會極大的軍援，使其在強鄰環伺下仍能茁壯發展。這種運用遊說影響他國軍援決策來保障本身利益的經驗，值得探討與學習。

關鍵字

遊說 ； 國會 ； 美國以色列人公共事務委員會

並列摘要

Politics is about who gets what, at when and how. In competing for resources, people tend to group themselves to get advantages in resources distribution rivalries, which results in the emergence of interest groups in political landscapes. One of the most often practiced and useful tools for advocating is lobbying. Applying direct and indirect lobbying techniques to exert influences on government decision making processes, interest groups make sure their interests are secured when outwitting other competitors during the processes. The U.S. government provides 150 plus countries military financing or grants annually under the USAID programs. Israel has been the biggest accumulated recipient for US Foreign Military Assistance. How pro-Israel lobbying groups fended off other competitors and reached that achievement are worth studying. This article makes a preliminary study on the interest groups' lobbying activities and takes ”AIPAC lobbying efforts as an example to show how a private interest group, AIPAC, exerts political influences through lobbying to promote interests for Israel and, to an extent, inflicts impacts on U.S. Middle East policy.

並列關鍵字

lobbying ； congress ； and AIPAC