清季變局中士紳的地位、角色與權勢研析

People of Wisdom with the Power of Local Authorities Forming and Effects in an Unsteady Era of Late Ching Dynasty

徐亞萍(Ya-Ping Hsu)

《復興崗學報》 97期 (2010/03) Pp. 205-224

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.201003.0010

摘要

隨著十九世紀歐美工商的發展，啟動了世界歷史的巨輪快速轉變，東方古老的中國亦無以自外倖免。泰西先進諸國，無不傾其穎異的創新知能、技藝發明之雄厚實力，強要通商，甚至兵橫相向，以遂其殖民搶佔的野心。時當晚清，國家歷史動向亦被迫遷變，這便是清季的變局。
同是四民之首的士紳階層，思想家以獨具的敏覺，掌握世界大勢，察識應變，提出讜論箴言；然諷刺小說中卻反映另類士紳藉勢藉端、喪德敗行等背離社會期待的行止，呈現對比反差的社會現象。本文擬從政治層面的文化、心理的角度及文史互証的方法，探究清季士紳地方權威勢力形成的深層因素及其影響。

關鍵字

清季 ； 變局 ； 士紳 ； 知識分子

並列摘要

With its development of technology and business in the 19th century, the western world started the giant wheel of world history speedily which impacted ancient China. Western countries with their powerful advance technology and inventive skills forced China to do business with them and even waged the cruel wars to fulfill their colonial ambitions. It's late Ching Dynasty and the direction of national history was forced to change. It's so call the late Ching Dynasty Transition.
People of wisdom, thinkers of the time, with the highest level of the social ranks, peculiar sense and outstanding thoughts, not only they absorbed the accommodating experience and wisdom, but also they grasped precisely the trend of the world and gave outspoken statements and admonitions. Nevertheless, the satire literature reflected the other sort of people of wisdom who had immorality and misconduct against the social expectation and conduct. Both of them reflected the contrast of social phenomenon. Herewith, we discuss the forming and effects of the people of wisdom with the power of local authorities in late Ching Dynasty from the viewpoint of politics, culture and psychology as well as the method of literature and history interactive comparison

並列關鍵字

Ching Dynasty ； Transition ； People of wisdom ； Intellectuals