美軍戰略性傳播的媒體運用分析：以2003年波斯灣戰爭為例

The Use of the Media as Strategic Communication by the American Armed Forces

方鵬程(Perng-Cherng Fang)

《復興崗學報》 97期 (2010/03) Pp. 23-45

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.201003.0002

摘要

現代戰爭本身就是一個媒介的事件，媒體是作戰的重心，學者認為傳統的公共關係一詞已不足以表達其複雜性，更適合的名稱是「戰略性傳播」。
本研究採用歷史與文獻分析法，探討美軍在2003年波斯灣戰爭中的戰略性傳播作為，主要區分為公共外交、公共事務及心理作戰三大層面的媒體運用進行分析，並對這些戰略性傳播作為做檢討以為結論。
戰爭經常充斥謊言與掩飾，本研究結論指出現代戰爭以有效的方法從事資訊傳播的必要性，但不可忽視可信度、傾聽以及區分不同目標對象，施以不同層面的資訊，走出真相與欺騙的糾葛，才是贏得心靈與想法的正途。

關鍵字

戰略性傳播 ； 公共外交 ； 公共事務 ； 心理作戰 ； 波斯灣戰爭

並列摘要

The modern war itself is a media event and the media are the center of gravity. However, researchers consider the traditional term ”public relation” unable to express its complexity. The more appropriate one should be ”strategic communication.” This study uses historical research and documentary analysis to discuss the strategic communication of US armed forces in Persian Gulf War in 2003. It analyzes the application of the media from three perspectives which include public diplomacy, public affairs and psychological operation. Then it ends by reviewing these strategic communications. Wars are usually full of lies and disguises. The conclusion of this study is that the modern war executes the essential of information dissemination by credibility listening and effective means. Nevertheless, different objects should be separated and given different kinds of information. This is the way to get rid of the tangle of the truth and lies, which is also the best way to obtain hearts and minds.

並列關鍵字

Strategic Communications ； Public Diplomacy ； Public Affairs ； Psychological Operations ； Persian Gulf War