美國武裝力量支援文人政府救災救助及其啟示

U.S. Armed Forces Support to Civilian Authorities: Disaster Response and Its Implications

韓台武(Tai-Wu Han)

《復興崗學報》 97期 (2010/03) Pp. 75-96

https://doi.org/10.29857/FHKAJ.201003.0004

摘要

維持國家安全是軍隊長期以來的核心任務，軍隊參加作戰並獲得戰爭的勝利為要務。然而，氣候變遷已經成為國際性的問題，其所引發的災害將日趨頻繁，甚至難以預測或掌握。同時，冷戰結束後由於大規模的軍事衝突已逐漸減少，取而代之的是以天然災害為首的非傳統安全威脅。因此，軍隊的災害救助任務將可能凌駕傳統軍事安全或區域傳統安全之上，成為當前國家安全思維之新興要素。本文參考美軍「武裝力量支援文人政府職能」，討論當國家發生重大災害，武裝力量支援文人政府災害救助時應該扮演何種角色？另外，針對軍方在國家整體災害防救機制運作中，從「政治作戰－民事服務」面向提出另類的思維。

關鍵字

災害處理 ； 政治作戰 ； 國家安全 ； 民事服務 ； 武裝力量支援文人政府職能

並列摘要

It is always the core mission of armed forces to protect national security. In general, the armed forces are bound to engage in and win the combat, however, climate change and its consequences have become a great challenge to national security. Meanwhile, due to the decrease of large-scale military conflicts after the end of Cold War, climate change is replacing those conflicts and emerging as the vital threat of non-traditional security. Therefore, the disaster relief mission of armed forces will be possible to override those of traditional security, and then become the new thinking of national security. This study will introduce the U. S. military doctrines about-Military Support to Civil Authorities (MSCA)”, and discuss what role should be played by the armed forces. In addition, this study also proposes an alternative thinking from the U. S. operational mechanism of disaster responses ”civil affairs, also one of the core functions of political warfare of R. O. C.

並列關鍵字

Consequence management ； Political Warfare ； National Security ； Civil Affairs ； Military Support to Civil Authorities