中國大陸分層化社會的轉型與發展

The Transformation and Development of Stratified Society in China

曾春滿(Chung-Man Tseng)

《復興崗學報》 103期 (2013/12) Pp. 133-146

摘要

共產主義的理想是反階級、反壓迫，社會主義的實踐道路是追求公平與正義。廣大的工農聯盟曾經是中國共產革命的群眾基礎，不幸的是，建政60餘年、改革開放30餘年來，農民工居於社會底層的命運仍沒有改變，如今並已形成一股反社會力量，迫使中共領導人必須提出「和諧社會」以及奉行「穩定壓倒一切」的治國方略來壓制這股社會群體抗爭聲浪。因此，本文擬從經濟資源、政治資本與社會地位三者的交互影響性，來解釋中國大陸分層化社會的變遷過程，以及所產生的社會問題。探討的範圍包括中共建政後的社會矛盾以及文革風暴後因為「改革開放」政策所形成的社會問題；最後，評估大陸社會分層化後，日益壯大的「中間階層」和社會底層的影響力，能否成為足以改變現有政治框架的新興力量。

關鍵字

社會分層 ； 社會轉型 ； 和諧社會 ； 中間階層

並列摘要

Communism is a product of times. In front of the unfair social status which was created by capitalism, communism recruited great oppressive masses and revolution disciples to against every injustices. Anti-class, anti-oppression, and anti-privileged became the communist's revolutionary ideal for a long time. In China, the worker-peasant class, oppressive masses, had been the most important supporters in the revolutionary era of Chinese Communist Party 60 years ago. Unfortunately, today the worker-peasant class don't acquire a better living after their wholehearted supporting even the ”Reform and Opening up” Policy has been executed for 30 years. The growing gap between the rich and the poor in China is enlarging the sense of the poor being deprived by the rich. Since the social status is getting down to the bottom, the worker-peasant class lose their patience and express their unsatisfied emotion by drastic action in high frequency. Such sense of being deprived has become a kind of Pandora box which contains an intricate puzzle including economic, political, and social mobility. The political elite of China realize the seriousness of aforementioned problem. They began to strengthen dialogue with masses, expect the emergency of ”Harmonious Society” and emphasize the importance of ”stability” unceasingly. This research explores social problems originated from social hierarchical change in view of the interaction of economic resource, political capital, and social status. To review the history of Chinese social class evolution is necessary in order to find out the reasons for the formation of today's class antagonism in China. The purpose of this study is to find out whether a middle class has appeared after years of economic reforms which makes Chinese government change the governance means and strategy. On the other hand, how to appease worker-peasant class is also a thorny issue.

並列關鍵字

Social Stratification ； Social Transformation ； Harmonious Society ； Middle Class