地緣政治理論視角下北韓外交政策思維分析

North Korea's Foreign Policy Thinking: A Geopolitical Analysis

盧信吉(Hsin-Chi Lu)

《復興崗學報》 114期 (2019/06) Pp. 61-86

摘要

傳統地緣政治論者認為，地理空間的檢視是影響國家發展的主要因素。換言之，國家生存條件上的第一要務，是基礎自然環境影響下的人文互動。演變至近代，地緣政治的發展進入了戰略層次的思考，也就是說除了天賜的自然環境外，如何搶佔有利的地理環境，或者透過本身實力創造有利未來的地理環境成為主流。海權論、陸權論以至於空權的一系列的陳述，已經不單純討論地緣環境對於國際政治的影響，更甚者在於探討怎樣利用地緣關係發展強而有力的政策，形成國家發展的基本戰略。透過戰略的設計與實行，創造國家的優勢，成為地緣政治發展至今最具影響力的關鍵。時至今日，地緣政治的本體概念，並沒有因為時空變遷而改變，但因外部環境的改變，影響的因素也隨之變化。北韓嘗試透過另一項「新科技」的發展，即核子武器策略的實施，創造出新的連結，建構出一個新地緣關係，即便讓北韓再次成為東北亞區域的麻煩製造者也在所不惜。然而，如此外在環境的改變，將進一步連動影響中國大陸對北韓的外交政策。本文將嘗試分析地緣政治理論的發展與北韓核武政策的發展背景，在建立新科技與地緣因素轉變的連結後，說明當前北韓外交政策思維。

關鍵字

地緣政治理論 ； 核武政策 ； 外交政策

並列摘要

Traditionally, geopolitical scientists think that geopolitical space is the main factor that influences state development. In other words, interacting in a naturally shaped environment is the priority for state survival. In the modern period, the development of geopolitics formed a major part of strategic thinking. Besides the given environment, considerations were given to the acquisition of advantageous geopolitical positions and ways to shape the geopolitical environment through the use of power. Discussions on maritime, land, and air power revolve around not only the influence of the geopolitical environment on international politics but also the development of national strategies based on geopolitical relations. The establishment of state advantages through strategic design is perhaps the most important lesson to be learnt from geopolitics today. Such conception is not altered by time, but changes in external factors. In terms of North Korea, it seeks to create new connections through its nuclear weapons policy and a new geopolitical environment in Northeast Asia, even at the expense of becoming the open troublemaker in the region. Such change further influences China's foreign policy towards North Korea. This article seeks to make sense of the evolution of China and North Korea's relationship in recent years. Specifically, this article analyzes the foreign policy that Pyongyang faces with their respective understanding of national interests that collide.

並列關鍵字

Geopolitics Theory ； Nuclear weapon policy ； Foreign policy