岩石力學的特徵與材料的破裂

岩石中含有許多大小不同的裂縫，並且岩石的強度又很容易受環境的影響。岩石共具有彈性體、粘性體及流體等性質，可説是屬於非線型彈性體。研究線型彈性材料的破裂而發展的線型彈性破裂力學，近來有走上非線型彈性破裂力學之趨勢。非線型彈性破裂力學之觀念，很接近岩石力學的基本觀念。筆者在本文中擧出岩石力學的特徵，和一些金屬材料的破裂觀念做一比較，以供設計或維護岩磐構築物者的參考。

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並列摘要

Rock contains various cracks or different kinds of defects. The strength of rock is easily affected by environmental conditions. Rock possesses characteristics of elasticity, viscosity, fluidity, etc., that is to say, the rock is recognized as a nonlinear elastic body. The conventional linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), usually used for studying fracture phenomena of linear elastic materials, tends to follow non-linear elastic fracture mechanics (NLEFM) lately. The philosophy of the latter is quite close to the basic idea of the rock mechanics. In this paper, some special features of the rock mechanics compared with the notion of the fracture mechanics of common metallic metarials are given. It gives a good guide for the design and maintenance of underground structures in rock.

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