山坡地建築物龜裂之工程地質調查實例研究

An Engineering-Geological Study on the Failure of a Building Constructed on Slopeland

林明煌(M. H. Lin) ； 劉進金(J. K. Liu) ； 陳振業(C. H. Chen) ； 潘國樑(K. L. Pan)

《鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊》 29卷4期 (1985/12) Pp. 128-137

https://doi.org/10.30069/MM.198512_29(4).0014

摘要

整平之坡地用作建築基地，若處理不當或急於趕建，長時期以後，易於發生差異沉陷或滑動，致使建築物發生龜裂或破壞。本研究以桃園縣某建築發生之龜裂為例，採用航照判釋，以了解興建之前後，附近地形地貌之改變，並輔以實地工程地質勘查、鑽探、水位觀測，與切岩石試驗等，以綜合分析發生破壞之各因素。該基地之填方為黃褐色土壤夾礫石組成，而基盤由南莊層之玄武岩質凝灰岩所組成。龜裂處經繪圖投影後，其分佈與填挖方之界線完全一致。填方處之地下水位基本上與填方深度約略一致，可見填方與原始坡面之接觸面為地下水豐盛之處。為瞭解龜裂之主因，本研究採用邊坡穩定與沉陷兩種分析，結果發現，房屋之龜裂乃由差異沉陷和邊坡滑動兩者造成。

並列摘要

The developement of slopeland for constructing buildings is often endangered by differential settlement or slope failure. A typical case under this study is located in Taoyuan Hsien. Conventional aerial photographs, ground geological survey, drilling, underground water table observation as well as soil and rock mechanics are included in the study to analyze all factors introducing the failure of the building. The earth-filled area of the basement of building is composed of brownish soils with gravels; the other area, basaltic tuff. The projection of the fractures of building on a plan map coincides with that of the contact boundary between two types of materials of the basement. In addition, the depth of ground water table of the earth-filled area is generally the same as that of the filled materials. This shows that the original land surface is the location where underground water is saturated and hence a weak surface. Both slope stability model and settlement model were used to analyze the contributing factors of the fractures of the building. Results shows that both models are necessary for the general understanding of the whole problem.