彰化縣花壇鄉水稻田土壤重金屬汚染物分佈之研究

A study on the distribution of metallic pollutants in the paddy soils

戴國邦(Kuo-pang Tai)

《鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊》 35卷3期 (1991/09) Pp. 111-121

https://doi.org/10.30069/MM.199109_35(3).0013

摘要

本研究配合採樣及分析技術曾採取彰化縣花壇鄉白沙村重金屬汚染之水稻田土壤樣品57件，每一土壤採樣點均依一般農作物生態之深度0〜15公分及15〜30公分分別排採取一般的表土及裏土樣品，此外另於30〜50公分，50〜75公分及75〜100公分深間隔取樣之。經分別測定其pH值、主成份分析、X光繞射鑑定、陽離子交換能力及有機物含量後，並試用0.1 NHCI、6N HCI、HNO_3+H_2 O_2、0.005M DTPA及0.05M EDTA等不同方式分解萃取其中重金屬鎘、鉻、銅、鎳、鉛及鋅等含量。探討各分析方法與實際汚染水稻田土壤情形，並將各測試結果及重金屬移棲、富集原因，逐一加以解釋。綜觀該受電鍍廠排放廢水汚染水稻田土壤重金屬含量，顯然均以耕犁層表土（0〜15公分深）受到汚染較多，且以0.1N HC1萃取者較易顯出農地表土受到重全屬汚染變化，偵測容易、不需濃酸、經濟。因此，針對農業用地土壤重金屬汚染監測，採用0.1N HCI萃取分析卽可獲得相當的代表性。

並列摘要

In order to study the distributions of metallic pollutants in the various depth of the rice paddy soils, a total of 57 soil samples were collected from the electroplating metal-polluted paddy fields at Paisha, Huatan, Changhwa county. Soil samples were collected mainly from the rice nutrient uptaking surface soils (0~15cm deep), the bottom soils (15~30cm deep), and some were from a deeper depth. The major chemical compositions, pH value, XRD, organic contents and other chemical properties were determined for all soil samples. Furthermore, five extraction techniques, such as 0.1N HCI, 6N HCI, HNO_3+H_2O_2, 0.005M DTPA and 0.05M EDTA had also been chosen to study the leaching behaviors of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. It is concluded that the metallic contamination of the surface soils is more serious than those of the bottom soils in the paddy field, and the extraction method with 0.1N HCI for heavy metals is the most economical and efficient way in comparing with others.