澎湖地區不同類別之收穫花生受黃麴菌及黃麴毒素污染之比較研究

Comparison of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination among various types of peanut harvest at Penghu

李協昌(H. C. Lee) ； 莊再揚(T. Y. Chuang)

《植物病理學會刊》 2卷2期 (1993/06) Pp. 88-97

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.199306_2(2).0005

摘要

依據莢果之外觀，將收穫之花生區分爲四類，分別爲正常期採收之健全花生(常健)、正常期採收之受傷花生(常傷)、延遲採收之健全花生(遲健)及延遲採收之受傷花生(遲傷)。比較不同生育期之該四類花生對黃麴菌汚染率之差異。結果顯示，1990年遲健及遲傷花生殼汚染率隨生育期之增長而逐漸增加，常健及常傷者則無此趨勢，而四類花生仁之黄麴菌汚染率均無明顯趨勢；1991年花生殼之本菌汚染率均高，四類花生間差異不大，而四類花生仁之汚染率均隨生育期增長而增加，其中以遲健及遲傷者較爲明顯以溫度、濕度、土壤與花生等因子對不同生育期四類花生殼與花生仁之黃麴菌汚染率分別作逐步迴歸分析，顯示相對濕度爲影響花生殼及花生仁黃麴菌汚染率之主要因子，其他各因子之影響則視處理而不同。以高效能液相層析儀(HPLC)分析1990與1991年不同生育期之四類花生受黄麴毒素汚染情形，結果顯示花生採收期延遲時會助長遲健與遲傷二類花生在田間受黃麴毒素汚染，而常健與常傷二類花生則均未受毒素汚染。1990及1991年試驗之遲健及遲傷二類花生分別在母株播種後213及215天起偵測到黃麴毒素。1990及1991試驗田花生之毒素濃度範圍在遲健分別介於微量(即毒素濃度低於偵測極限，但仍可辨識者。)~0.4及微量~45 μg/kg ,而在遲傷則分別介於微量~ 10及微量~1,156 μg/kg。

關鍵字

花生 ； 黃麴菌 ； 黃麴毒素 ； 相對濕度 ； 延遲採收

並列摘要

The percentage of kernel contaminated by Aspergillus flavus increased when the development of peanut plants was lengthened. The following four types of peanut based on the appearance of pod shells at harvest were designated: regular harvest, healthy pod (RH); regula harvest, wounded pod (Rw); delayed harvest, healthy pod (DH); and delayed harvest, wounded pod (DW). In 1990 contamination of pod shells of DH and DW but not RH and Rw increased with increasing time of development of peanut. However, there was no apparent trend of contamination among four types of kernel. In 1991, contamination of pod shells was high. Again there were no differences among four types of peanut plants Contamination of kernels also increased with increasing time of development of peanut When the correlations of various factors including temperature, humidity, soil properties, and peanut types with contamination of pod shells and kernels from four types of peanut from different development stages were analyzed, it was found that the major factor affecting contamination rate of pod shells or kernels was relative humidity. Effect of other factors on contamination varied with different treatments Analysis of aflatoxin in four types of peanuts harvested at different stages showed increase in aflatoxin contamination when peanut harvest was delayed. Aflatoxin concentration of contaminated peanut ranged from trace to 1156 μg/kg.

並列關鍵字

Peanut ； Aspergillus flavus ； aflatoxin ； relative humidity ； delayed harvest