轉動機械線上動平衡監視系統之開發

An On-line Monitoring System for Balancing the Rotating Machines

鄭際昭(J.J. Jeng) ； 隗正宇(C. Y. Wei) ； 白志亮(C. L. Pai) ； 柯忠和(C. H. Ko)

《鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊》 41卷1期 (1997/03) Pp. 97-105+78

https://doi.org/10.30069/MM.199703_41(1).0009

摘要

質量不平衡造成振動過大是轉動機械最常發生的問題，不僅影響生產線的正常操作，更可能危及設備之運轉安全。傳統的線外（off-line）檢測及平衡法相當費時，不但造成維修人力過大的負擔，現場動平衡的時效也受到影響，為解決此問題，中鋼公司成功地開發出一套線上動平衡監視系統。此系統係根據一次平衡法之原理，並利用區段內差之方式將傳统方法加以修正，以克服在現場所遭遇到的機械動態非線性現象，並提高計算精度。此系統線上（on-line）量測設備之振動和相角訊號，並隨時在電腦螢幕上顯示設備目前的振動狀況以及應加平衡配重和應加配重位置等資訊。當振動超過警戒值時，系統發出警報，指示維修人員根據螢幕上所顯示之資料，進行動平衡校正工作。此系統具有顯示訊號波形和頻譜、計算角度分量和合成配重以及自動儲存訊號資料等多項功能，並已落實應用於中鋼線材工場盤元機上，獲致良好的成效，除達到節省人力及提高時效之目的外，對於維持設備的運轉安全及產品品質的穩定，也提供了相當大的幫助。本文介紹此系統之原理及各項功能。

關鍵字

振動 ； 不平衡 ； 線上監視

並列摘要

Severe vibration caused by mass unbalance is the most commonly encountered disorder in rotating machines, which not only affects the normal operation of the production lines but also endangers the equipment. Traditional off-line inspection and balancing methods were time-consuming so that the efficiency of the balancing tasks was low and the maintenance people were overloaded. An on-line monitoring system for balancing the rotating machines was thus developed at China Steel Corporation to cope with these problems. The principle of this system is based on the One-Time Balancing Method. The authors have modified this traditional method by applying an sectional interpolation approach to solve the non-linearity problem of the machine dynamics encountered in the field. This modified method has achieved a much higher calculation precision than the old one. This system performs on-line measurement of vibration and phase angle and displays continuously the vibration condition as well as the balance weight and angle on the computer screen. It issues an alarm when the vibration exceeds a preset level and instructs the local maintenance people to perform a balancing task according to the information shown on the computer screen. It also possesses the functions of displaying the vibration wave forms and frequency spectra, calculation of the split angles and sum weight as well as automatic data storage, etc. This system has been successfully applied to the laying machines of the rod mill at China Steel Corporation and achieved excellent results. The maintenance efficiency is greatly improved and the workload of the maintenance people is noticeably reduced. In addition, the operation safety and production quality is also enhanced. The principle and functions of this system are described in this paper.

並列關鍵字

Vibration ； Unbalance ； On-line monitoring