燃油飛灰性質、發生量及毒性溶出特性研究

Study on the physical and chemical characteristics, yield and TCLP test of oil-fired fly ash

蔡尚林(Shang-Lin Tsai) ； 蔡敏行(Min-Shing Tsai)

《鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊》 41卷2期 (1997/06) Pp. 57-68

https://doi.org/10.30069/MM.199706_41(2).0006

摘要

燃料油經燃燒產生能源之後，其所含之硫磺及微量金屬化合物等雜質與未燃碳粒聚集在一起形成油灰，少部份殘留鍋爐管壁者稱為底灰；大部份隨煙道氣由煙囪排出稱為飛灰。有鑑於國內所產生的燃油飛灰之實況不明，對環境可能造成的污染問題更無從加以研判，因此本文就燃油飛灰的物化特性、發生量與毒性溶出特性加以研究。研究結果顯示，國內每年消耗壹千五百萬公秉燃料油，燃料油飛灰發生量約有43,000噸，其中EP集塵飛灰大約為13,000噸左右。飛灰的體比重約0.1〜0.2，真比重約0.6左右，平均粒徑（d_(50)）為37〜64μm，易隨風飛揚。飛灰中C含量約有40〜78％，So_4^(2-)含量約14〜38％，V含量約0.4〜1.90％、Ni含量約0.48〜1.10％，其中EP飛灰含有NH4^+約5〜12％。飛灰經水浸漬後pH呈酸性，同時TCLP溶出結果雖然能夠符合環保法規所訂定之Pb、Cr、Cd溶出標準，然而卻溶出大量的V、Ni離子。

關鍵字

燃油飛灰 ； 性 ； 發生量 ； 毒性溶出特性

並列摘要

During the combustion of fuel oil for energy production, the minute compounds of heavy metals and sulfur in fuel oil will interact with unburned carbon to form oil-fired fly ash. In order to understand the environmental impact of oil-fired fly ashes a study on their physical and chemical characteristic was undertaken. At the same time, the toxicity characteristic through leaching procedure (TCLP) was tested. It is estimated that the annual domestic production of oil-fired fly ashes is about 43,000 tons due to 15,000,000KL fuel oil consumption. The power stations collect about 13,000 tons of oil-fired fly ashes by electrostatic precipitator. The experimental results show that physical properties of these ashes are about 0.6 g/cm^3 in density, 0.1-0.2 g/cm^3 bulk density, and 37-64μm in d 50. The oil-fired fly ashes contain 40-78% C, 14-38% SO_4^(2-), 0.4-1.90% V, 0.48-1.10% Ni, and 5-12% NH4+ (EP fly ash). After using water to leach oil-fired ashes, the pH value of leaching solution is acidic. The results of TCLP test show that it can conform to the EPA regulations in the concentration limit of Pb、Cr and Cd. However it gives unusually dissolved high concentrations of V and Ni during TCLP tests.

並列關鍵字

Oil-fired fly ash ； Property ； Yield ； TCLP