並列摘要
The rapid development of global warming from the early 20th century has become the foremost challenge that the world must face and solve in this twenty-first century. The Arctic Ocean showed a recordbreaking sea-ice extent in the summer of 2012. This unprecedented phenomenon not only indicates the accelerating rate of global warming, bust also implies that there are serious mistakes and underestimates in the scientific communities. Once the Arctic summer ice-free conditions appear in the near future, we will have unparalleled changes in the Earth’s ecological environment, which will covers the atmosphere, ocean and shallow crust. Coupled with speedy sea-level jumping, the impacts will be beyond the affordable limits of human society. We must immediately take effective strategies for adaptation and disaster prevention.