可航行季節與燃油效率對北極航線開通影響之研究

隨著近年來的全球暖化情況日益加劇，使得北冰洋的融冰範圍每年擴大，同時北極航線無冰期時間加長，船舶可航行的時間亦隨之增加，創造了北極航線的貨運效益。本研究將探討在北冰洋融冰季節延長的情況下，以北海航道 (Northern Sea Route, NSR) 與遠歐航線(經蘇伊士運河)為例，透過文獻回顧、資料分析與模擬分析，探討北極航線營運亞洲到歐洲之遠洋航線，比起現有航經麻六甲海峽、蘇伊士運河之遠歐航線，是否更具有優勢。結果顯示，以起迄港中國上海與德國漢堡為例，北海航道所需航行的距離約為遠歐航線的80%，表示在一年的時間內，航行北海航道的次數可以多於遠歐航線約12%。在油耗方面，雖然載運量較大之船舶所消耗之燃油總量較多，但在每TEU所需的燃油消耗上仍舊是低於較小之船舶。同時，相較於航行遠歐航線，航行北海航道每TEU所需之燃油消耗亦明顯較低（節省約24%~26%），也顯示了北海航道在營運成本上有一定的優勢存在。

關鍵字

北極航運；北海航道；蘇伊士運河；級貨櫃船；燃油效率

並列摘要

Global warming effects are having more and more impacts on the environment in recent years. Thus, the areas of ice melting in the Arctic Ocean are getting larger dramatically. As the ice-free season becomes longer, the navigable period along Arctic shipping routes becomes longer. This situation makes it possible to be profitable when operating Arctic shipping routes. This research investigates the advantages and disadvantages with different navigable season length. We use Shanghai-Hamburg route as an example for the analyses. The navigation distance is shortened by 20% if Northern Sea Route (NSR) is used instead of traditional Suez Channel Route. More trips (12%) can be arranged for the same period of time and less oil (save 24%~26%) is consumed for each round-way trip by using NSR. The size effect on transportation cost per TEU is also very important. Larger container ships should be used when deeper shipping routes are available in Arctic region.

並列關鍵字

Arctic Shipping ； The Northern Sea Route (NSR) ； Suez Canal ； Ice-class Vessel ； Fuel efficiency

參考文獻

1.王冠雄，「北極海航運的現在與未來」，船舶與海運通訊，第四十九期，民國九十七年，頁 2-3。

3.蔡明彥、李玫憲，「北冰洋安全問題與區域安全治理之挑戰」，東吳政治學報，第二十九卷，第一期，民國一百年，頁 113-177。

2.汪中和，「氣候暖化、北冰洋消融與我們的未來」，鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊，第二百二十二期，民國一百零二年，頁9-14。

4.Joshua Ho, “The implications of Arctic sea ice decline on shipping,” Marine Policy, Vol. 34, No 3, 2010, pp. 713-715.

5.Liu, Miaojia, and Kronbak, Jacob, “The potential economic viability of using the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as an alternative route between Asia and Europe,” Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 18, No. 3, 2010, pp.434-444.

國際替代計量

可航行季節與燃油效率對北極航線開通影響之研究

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