緻密氣層或頁岩氣礦區生產評估技術研究

Productivity Evaluation for Tight Sand or Shale Gas Reservoirs

曾繼忠(C. C. Tseng) ； 李崇豪(C. H. Lee) ； 陳冠志(K. C. Chen) ； 陳大麟(T. L. Chen)

《鑛冶：中國鑛冶工程學會會刊》 58卷3期 (2014/09) Pp. 63-77

https://doi.org/10.30069/MM.201409_58(3).0007

摘要

由於傳統油氣資源減少，導致全球石油業界著手於非傳統資源之探勘及開發生產，緻密氣層或頁岩氣便是非傳統天然氣資源之一，惟由於極低滲透率及其他岩石物理特性，使得緻密氣層或頁岩氣之生產不同於傳統的油氣層，通常必須利用長水平井配合液裂完井方式，才能符合商業化經濟開採之條件，因此生產井之液裂狀況往往主宰整個氣井之產能差異，此外，過去緻密氣層或頁岩氣通常沒有足夠的生產與壓力資料可用來評估單井產能，因此其生產井產能評估遠較傳統氣井複雜許多。本研究以美國礦區評估為例，針對可能的生產井液裂分佈狀況，結合油氣層模擬技術發展出一套較接近實際水平井液裂生產行為之評估模式，評估整體礦區生產井之配置，以供技術人員進行緻密氣層或頁岩氣礦區生產評估之參考。

關鍵字

水平井 ； 液裂 ； 油氣層模擬 ； 低滲透率

並列摘要

Interest in developing unconventional oil and gas has accelerated in recent years due to the depletion of conventional fossil fuel resources. With the advanced application of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, exploitation of tight sand and shale gas resources become a commercially viable option. However, unlike the conventional reservoirs, tight sand or shale gas reservoirs usually show the characteristic of extremely low permeability and a very sharp decline rate of well production. Due to scant f ield production data for evaluation analysis and numerous uncertain parameters such as fracture spacing, fracture half length, matrix and fracture conductivity, gas desorption and existing natural fractures, we have yet developed an effective reserve evaluation methodology. In this paper, a modified production forecasting technique and a numerical modeling are integrated to optimize multiple well placements and identify an optimum design under different reservoir and economic conditions. Field application from the U.S.A. is included to provide a more detail description of evaluating procedure. We believe this systematic approach can provide a more comprehensive production performance analysis and production design to assess similar M&A projects.

並列關鍵字

horizontal well ； hydraulic fracturing ； reservoir simulation ； low permeability