以權力關係探析臺大實驗林契約林地違規使用之研究

The Power Relations Analysis on Illegal Use of Lease Forestlands in NTU Experimental Forest

顏愛靜(Ai-Ching Yen) ； 李健豪(Chien-Hao Lee)

《地理學報》 80期 (2016/03) Pp. 23-53

https://doi.org/10.6161/jgs.2016.80.02

摘要

本文關注於國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林管理處(以下簡稱林管處)及其轄內之契約林農(以下簡稱林農)於契約林地違約從事農業使用認知之差異。經查林管處本於契約林地管理者職權，擬處罰林地違約農用之林農或收回違規農用之承租地，惟部分違約林農卻認為渠等林地農用之方式，係順應當地自然生物資源特性，並未破壞林地健康，況且長年來孕育的人地情感，早已形成尊重自然的生產栽種模式。因林管處和林農對於林地利用有不同思維，遂引發衝突。爰此，本文透過深度訪談和問卷調查法，以瞭解林管處與林農對於契約林地使用之意見，並以Walck和Strong(2001)建立的權力關係架構為基礎，分析林管處與林農因利用契約林地而產生權力互動情形，釐清違規使用的問題癥結，並獲致以下結論：(1)造林契約僵化無法妥善管理契約林地；(2)契約林地林用收入無法滿足林農生計之需；(3)林農之保育概念難以形成契約林地保育之共識。最後，本文針對上述課題，提供涵蓋永續發展環境、經濟與社會三面向之具體解決對策：(1)儘速調整契約規範，從現有主僱關係轉變為合作關係；(2)考量林農生計需求，兼採需求層次概念保育利用契約林地；(3)凝聚社群力量，建立當地林農組織保育契約林地。

關鍵字

臺大實驗林 ； 契約林地 ； 權力關係 ； 違規使用 ； 契約林農

並列摘要

This study investigates the dispute between the Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University (abbreviated as NTUEF) and its contracted forest-farmers about the legality of the farmers' agricultural use of their leased forestlands. The NTUEF intends to fine or evict the forest-farmers when their agricultural activities in the leased forestlands are treated as a breach of contract. Conversely, some of the farmers accused of breaching their contract regard their agricultural uses as conforming to the requirements of local bio-resources, and thus do not detriment the development of the forestry. Additionally, the famers contend that they have lived there for such a long time that they have grown to love and respect the local natural environment, and have therefore adopted an eco-friendly production model. Different interpretations between the two parties concerning how to use the forestland leads to conflicts. This study analyzes the opinions on both sides of the debate using in-depth interviews and questionnaires. The collected data are further analyzed based on Walck and Strong's (2001) Structure of Power Relations to clarify the power relationship between NTUEF and the forest-farmers on illegal forestland use. The analysis leads the researcher to the following conclusions. 1. The inflexibility of present forest cultivation contracts makes them inadequate for encouraging proper management of the forestland. 2. Forest farmers cannot survive only on the money received from planting trees. 3. Forest-farmers have divergent views on conservation, and cannot reach a consensus on the general conservational picture. Based on these findings, this study proposes three solutions covering environmental sustainability, economics and society. 1. Redraft the regulations in the current contract, changing the landlord/tenant relationship to a co-operative one. 2. Adopt a hierarchy of needs to preserve the forestlands, while considering the livelihoods of forest farmers. 3. Form an organization to gather the local forest farmers as a whole community to conserve the forest.

並列關鍵字

Experimental Forest of National Taiwan University ； lease forestlands ； power relations ； illegal use ； contracted forestry farmers

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