春香草莓菌根苗配合假植技術之田間走莖及果實産量試驗

Field Trial for Runner and Fruit Production of Mycorrhizal Harunoka Strawberry Plantlets with Temporary Transplanting Technique

張喜寧(Doris Chi-Ning Chang) ； 李窗明(Chuang-Ming Lee)

《中國園藝》 39卷2期 (1993/06) Pp. 73-80

https://doi.org/10.6964/JCSHS.199306.0073

摘要

爲探討組織培養春草莓苗(Fragaria x. ananassa Duch cv. Harunoka)接種繡球屬囊叢枝菌根菌(VAMF)及配合假植技術對田間草莓走莖及果實産量之影響，特在民國75年及76兩年，在苗栗縣大湖鄉東與村海拔600公尺處進行本試驗。VAMF接種係在組培苗移出管外時接種，又在移此類存活小苗入土以生産走莖時接種第二次。每苗孢子約含50-100粒VAMF之「孢子土」，而假植係在最後定植前，將走莖挖出集中種植在苗圃土中一個月，然後才再挖苗定植以作果實生産。
75年結果顯示，凡接種Glomus spp.之春香草莓苗，經二個半月田土栽植後，皆查增加走莖産量20~10%之多。76年結果顯示，凡接種Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd.（簡稱Ge）之春香試管草莓苗，無論在假植或定植期皆可增加走莖産量，但接種Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe或Glomus mosseae (Nic. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe者效果不顯著。可能係受菌種含量之影響所致，假植可促進草莓植株定植後之初期發育，菌根之影響則不大。
綜合本試驗結果，知76及77年田間産果試驗結果證實僅經假植者，可以增産8%，而未經假植，卻接種者僅可增加産果量3~10%，但如配合假植則接種G. etunicatum者，可增産30%，且其他二菌種亦可增産6~21%。三種繡球屬菌種中以G. etunicatum對春香試管草莓苗之生長與發育最爲有利，其生産之走莖幼苗如再經過假植，又可顯著提高果實産量達30%，建議可推廣應用在春香草莓走莖及果實之實際生産上。

關鍵字

菌根 ； 假植 ； 走莖産量 ； 果實産量

並列摘要

The effects of both vesicular-arbuscutar mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) and temporary transplanting on runner and fruit production of micropropagated Harunoka strawberry (Fragària X saneness Duch cv. Harunoka) were investigated.
VAMF inoculation was done after the micropropagsted Harunoka strawberry ptantlets were transplanted out of test tubes and inoculated again before runner production. Each plant was inoculated with 50-100 spore of only one Glomus sp. in sand. Temporary transplanting means that before final planting of the strawberry runners, those runners were diggeed out of soil and temporarily planted into field soil for one month. Then digged out and transplanted again into final field soil.
Field trial was conducted for 2 years (1986 & 1987) in Miau-Lee County, Ta-Hwu Township, Tong-Shing Village above sea level for 600 M in Taiwan.
Results of 1986 showed that after inoculation of Glomus spp. for 2.5 months, runner porduction could increase 20-100% for all three kind of Glomus spp. inoculum. White results of 1987 showed that only Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd. (Ge) infected Harunoka strawberry plantlets stimulated runner production. White those plantlets inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerd.) Gerd, & Trappe (Gf) or Glomus mossean (Nic. & Gerd,) Gerd, & Trappe (Gm) showed no significant effect. This difference in the inoculum performance might be influenced by the amount of spores in the inoculum for two different years. Temporary transplanting could stimulate early stage development of strawberry plants after planting, white VAMF showed no significant effect for this stage.
Results of 1986 & 1987 showed that VAMF inoculation only could increase fruit production 3-10%, while temporary transplanting increased strawberry fruit porduction for 8%. But if both VAMF inoculation and temporary transplanting were both applied, Glomus etunicatum infected strawberry could increased 30% fruit production, while other two Glomus spp, also could enhance fruit production for 16-21%. Among the three Glomus spp., G .etunicatum showed to be the best inoculum for enhancing the growth and development of Harunoka strawberry. If both VAMP inoculation and temporary transplanting were applied, then more than 30% of more runner and fruit production were resulted. Thus it is highly recommended that this finding should be applied for the runner and fruit production for strawberry in practical use.

並列關鍵字

Mycorrhiza ； temporary transplanting ； runner production ； fruit production