中矮性香蕉種植密度試驗

A Study on Planting Density for Semi-dwarf Banana Cultivars

鄧澄欣(Ching-Yan Tang) ； 劉程江(Cheng-Chiang Liu) ； 邱讚秀(Tsan-Hsiu Chiu)

《中國園藝》 41卷2期 (1995/06) Pp. 99-106

https://doi.org/10.6964/JCSHS.199506.0099

摘要

爲瞭解中矮性香蕉在不同種植密度下的表現，乃於1991-93年間在本省屏東縣九如鄉進行本試驗。參試品系包括引自巴貝多斯的Cavendish B.F.（現已命名爲“台蕉二號”）及引自菲律賓之”Umalag”。種植密度分別爲每公頃2,037、2,222、2,469株。於新植世代及宿根第一世代進行生育及果房特性與産量調查。結果顯示在新植世代，本試驗所採用的種植密度對株高、假莖周、總葉片數及生長週期均沒有明顯影響。同樣地，不同種植密度間、單株果手數、果指數及果重也沒有顯著差異。因收獲果數隨密度增加而增加，單位面積産量在高密度種植比植於低密度者約增加10-17%.
在宿根世代，植株的生育特性受種植密度影響較大。無論在株高及生長週期均隨密度增加而增加。在高密度處理，株高比植於低密度者增加10-20公分，生長週期延長約14-16天。每株果手數及果指數以種植密度2,222株／公頃爲最高，單株果重在Cavendish B.F.的差異不顯著，但在”Umalag”，高密度種植者爲21.9公斤比植於密度者少3公斤。單位面積産量在高密度種植者比低密度者增加8-20%。
由本試驗結果推論，在本省種植中矮蕉可提高種植密度至2,400株／公頃，對新植世代及宿根世代的生育及果房特性影響不大，但單位面積産量卻明顯增加。利用中矮蕉株高特性，本文建議種植中矮蕉可用兩年耕作制度：第一年以組織培養苗種植，第二年則以宿根種植，可達省工，提高産量及減少病蟲害的目的。

關鍵字

香蕉 ； 種植密度 ； 中矮性

並列摘要

In 1991-93, an experiment was conducted at Chiuju, Pingtung in southern Taiwan to investigate the performance of seed-dwarf cultivars under various levels of planting density. Two cultivars, namely Cavendish B.F. (registered as ”Tai-Chiao No. 2”) from Barbados and ”Umalag from Philippines were used. Density treatments were 2037, 2222 and 2469 plants per hectre, Data were taken in the plant and the first ratoon crops. In the plant crop, it was shown that no significant influence was observed in plant height, plant girth and total leaf number by different levels of density used in this experiment. It is also found that the number of hands/plant and fingers/plant and the bunch weight were not significantly different among different treatments. Because of the higher number of bunches harvested, yield (tons/ha) was significantly increased by 10-17% in the high density plots.
In the ratoon crop, greater influence of plant density on growth characteristics was observed. Plant height and the length of crop cycle was increased as the density increased. When the density was 2469 plants/ha, plant height and crop cycle were 10-20cm and 14-16 days, respectively, more than that in the tow density plots. Highest number of hands/plant and fingers/plant were found when the density was 2222 plants/ha. The difference in bunch weight among treatments in Cavendish B.F. was not significant, But in ”Umalag”, the bunch weight in the high density treatment was 21.9 kg which was 3 kg less than that in the lower density treatments. In terms of yield, it was higher in the high density treatment than in the low density treatment by 8-20%.
From this experiment, the plant density of semi-dwarf cnltivars can be increased upto 2400 plants/ha in southern Taiwan without adverse effect in both plant and ratoon crops. On the other hand, higher density gives significantly higher production per unit area. It is suggested that by growing semi-dwarf cultivars, one can practise a 2-year cropping cycle-plant crop using tissue culture plantlets in the first year and ratoon crop in the second year. By this system, advantages of labor saving, higher production and better pest and disease management can be achieved.

並列關鍵字

Musa ； bananas ； planting density ； semi-dwarf