利用胚珠培養技術培育無核葡萄雜交後代

In-ovulo Embryo Culture to Obtain Hybrids of Seedless Grapes

歐錫坤(Shyi-Kuan Ou) ； 劉麗玉(Li-Yu Liu) ； 謝素玉(Su-Yu Hsieh)

《中國園藝》 45卷1期 (1999/03) Pp. 75-85

https://doi.org/10.6964/JCSHS.199903.0075

摘要

以不同無核葡萄栽培種爲材料，進行彼此間的人工雜交授粉，再應用胚珠培養技術拯救雜交胚，確保雜交後代的無核發生率，以期改進無核葡萄的育種效率。
無核葡萄的雜交組合中，不同胚齡對胚珠培養時幼胚的萌芽率影響很大，以胚齡45天的胚萌芽率最高達12(Venus Seedless x Bronx Seedless)，而相同組合40天胚齡萌芽僅1%。胚珠橫切半處理再進行胚珠培養，可提高幼胚之萌芽率與成苗率，尤其是胚齡適中的45天橫切半處理(34%)較老齡胚50天的萌芽率(21%)更有效果。至於無核葡萄雜交後胚珠培養的成苗率則爲0~18.7%，依雜交親本而異。
以略精結實的無核葡萄爲雜交母本。較以單爲結果的無核葡萄爲母本容易獲得成功的雜交苗。由此顯示單爲結果的無核葡萄形成空胚的傾向很強。空胚率高達100%，胚珠培養技術無法拯救此類無核葡萄胚的成活，不宜作母本進行雜交。

關鍵字

人工雜交 ； 單爲結果無核葡萄 ； 略精結果無核葡萄 ； 胚珠培養 ； 育種效率

並列摘要

In-ovule embryo culture techniques were applied for artificial crosses between ”seedless cultivars”, so that rescued hybrid progeny with a greater percent of ”seedless seedlings” would become possible for increasing seedless grape breeding efficiency.
The different embryo age of explant was able to influence the embryo germination percentages in the same cross combination. For instance, the culturing of 'Venus seedless' x 'Bronx seedless' intact ovules 45 days after pollination gave higher embryo germination percentages (12%) than ovules from 40 days old (1%). The treatment of transverse cut of ovule might increase ovule germination rates and percentages than intact embryo. The effect of transverse cat suns found more effective on proper age of ovules (45 days after pollination) than older ovules (50 days). The percentage of established plants by embryo rescue technique was counted from 0 to 18.7%, which depended on the cross combination.
The stenospermocarpic seedless grape used as maternal parent could obtain more successful seedlings than parthenocarpic seedless grape. This revealed that parthenocurpic seedless grape was prone to produce empty embryo. No any possibility existed for embryo rescue with parthenocapic grape in this experiment.

並列關鍵字

artificial crosses ； parthenocarpic seedless grape ； stenospermocarpic seedless grape ； ovule culture ； breeding efficiency