產業聚集與廠商生產力之關係：以台灣電子產業為例

本文使用經濟部的「工廠校正暨營運調查」2005 年至2009 年工廠層級的廠商資料，探討資源投入與空間聚集程度對廠商生產力的影響。我們採用EG 指數及NNI 方法分析台灣電子產業。研究結果發現：(1) 勞動投入聚集與研發投入聚集呈現增加的趨勢；(2) 研發投入聚集程度與生產力呈正向顯著的關係，而勞動投入聚集與生產力呈現負向顯著的關係；(3) 大致而言，位於聚集圈內的廠商已經有聚集不經濟的現象；(4) 不同面向的聚集程度對生產力的效果，受到廠商特性及區域差異的影響。

關鍵字

電子產業；聚集；勞動生產力； EG指數；聚集圈

並列摘要

Based on the plant-level dataset of Taiwan 2005-2009 Report on Factory Operation Census, which was collected by Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C. This paper investigated the firm productivity was influenced by different dimensions and levels of agglomeration (labor input, R&D input and proximity).By taking industry structure and proximity into account, we calculated EG Index and NNI to analyze the agglomeration phenomena of Taiwan electronics industry. Results showed: (1) The indices of labor input and R&D input agglomeration both increased. (2) There was a significant positive relationship between R&D input agglomeration and productivity, while the effect of labor input agglomeration on productivity was negative. (3) In general, we found the firms located in the cluster have suffered from the agglomeration diseconomies. (4) The relationships between agglomeration and productivity were affected by the plant-specific features and region-specific characteristics.