生物多樣性內涵與經濟評估之回顧

Review on Evaluation and Implication of Biodiversity

柳婉郁(Wan-Yu Liu)

《農林學報》 59卷3期 (2010/09) Pp. 215-229

https://doi.org/10.30089/JAF.201009.0002

摘要

能準確估算各項生態資源之各種經濟價值已是各國在制訂有關於生物多樣性保育政策之主要參考依據。就永續發展之原則前提下，人類對各類生物的管理與利用，包括野生物種之保育管理，生物資源的維護與永續利用，生態系的復育與自然環境的改善。欲使保育政策能有效研擬，需先瞭解自然資源的經濟價值，其方式即是將自然資源貨幣化，本文回顧許多生物多樣性價值評估的文獻，關於物種多樣性之經濟評估，分為單一物種與多種物種之研究，且以條件評估法的方式為主要評估方式；而生態環境之價值評估也多採條件評估法的方式來評價，主要是因為此法可衡量出非使用價值。在生態系統功能方面的評估，由於這些主題並不為人們所熟知，因此並不適用條件評估法，大多文獻採用生產函數法或趨避行為法的方式來評估。

關鍵字

生態資源 ； 生物多樣性 ； 價值評估

並列摘要

Accurate estimates for the economic value of ecological resources are the main references for developing the policies about the conservation of biological diversity in the world. Along the principles of sustainable development, human management and use for all ecological resources include the conservation of wild species, the maintenance and sustainable use of biological resources, and the ecosystem restoration and improvement. To develop meaningful conservation policies, it is necessary to analyze the economic value of natural resources, that is, to monetize natural resources. This study reviews the literatures of economic assessment of biodiversity, which include the economic assessment of a single species, a variety of species and ecological resources mostly used by the contingent valuation method, mainly because this method can measure the non-use value. In the assessment of ecosystem functions, as these topics are not well known, it does not apply the contingent valuation method; most of the literatures literatures use the production function and averting behavior method to evaluate the economic values.

並列關鍵字

Ecological Resources ； Biodiversity ； Environmental Evaluation