穴盤蔬菜收穫雛型機之研製

為解決傳統栽培因天候不佳與嚴重病蟲害、雜草叢生等問題，近年來逐漸已有農民轉至於溫室內配合穴盤蔬菜模式進行栽培作業，藉此提高蔬菜產量與穩定品質，但雖然此方式可改善過往栽培缺陷，但收穫作業上仍舊需大量勞動力，更因現今農村勞動力不足與人口老化等問題，使得收穫作業上遇上困境，故目前穴盤蔬菜採收作業仍以人工方式進行。本研究經多次田間試驗挖掘穴盤與輸送穩定性，並從試驗數據中，可得知以29∘、24∘、19∘、14∘之不同挖掘角度設定，會影響鏟土量與穴盤輸送穩定性，並由收穫系統整體試驗中，以穴盤蔬菜之小松菜試驗樣本數，為94盤分3組其1組有32盤，當前以14∘挖掘角度，可挖掘出較少土量並排出土塊能夠進行穴盤穩定輸送，且由數據中得出較佳鏟盤率為94%，此外，夾持輸送部則以18∘夾角進行夾持試驗，經試驗後可得知前端外八設計具有蔬菜引入效果，但在夾持過程中仍以夾持到葉片居多菜梗較少，由此可得知夾持輸送，易受到植株大小與側芽影響，後續可繼續改良夾持夾角與機構架設點，以提升夾持輸送效果。最終本研究研製之穴盤蔬菜收穫機與人工採收相較之下，已可節省約46%的作業時間。

關鍵字

收穫機；穴盤蔬菜；省工

並列摘要

In order to solve the problems of traditional cultivation due to the poor weather and severe plant disease and pest, farmers have gradually moved the cultivation to the greenhouse and planting vegetable in plug recently to improve the yield and quality of the vegetable. Although this method could improve the shortcomings of traditional cultivation, it still requires a lot of labor for harvesting. Due to the shortage of labor and the aging of population in rural area, harvesting encounters more difficulties. Therefore, harvesting of plug plant still relies on labor. This study tested digging the plug in field and stability of conveyance several times. From the test data, it has been found that different digging angles, including 29∘, 24∘,19∘and 14∘, would affect the amount of soil dug and the stability of conveyance. In the comprehensive test of the harvesting system, the Japanese Mustard Spinach was applied as the sample for plug plant. There were 94 plugs with three groups. One of the group included 32 plugs. When the digging angle was set to 14∘, there would be less soil dug and clod would be exhausted. The plug would also be conveyed stably. Moreover, according to the data, there were better successful rate of digging, and would reach 94%. Besides, the plucking and conveying system applied 18∘ for the plucking test. After the test, it has been found that the design of the outside angle in the front end would broach the vegetable. However, in the plucking process, more leaves then stems were plucked. Therefore, it could be known that plucking and conveyance could easily be affected by the size of the planting stock and lateral bud. In the future, the plucking angle and the position setting the mechanism could further be improved in order to improve the plucking and conveying effect. In conclusion, in comparison to harvesting by labor, the plug plant harvesting system in this study has already saved 46% of the operating time.

並列關鍵字

Harvester ； vegetables in Plugs ； labor saving

國際替代計量

穴盤蔬菜收穫雛型機之研製

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