農地景觀特徵之生態系統服務功能初探

Preliminary Analysis of the Ecosystem Services of Farmland Landscapes

陳彥勳(Yan-Shiun Chen) ； 李盈潔(Ying-Chieh Lee)

《農林學報》 67卷4期 (2020/12) Pp. 233-248

https://doi.org/10.30089/JAF.202012_67(4).0002

摘要

大眾對於農地生態系統服務已有相當程度的認知，但透過當前農地政策落實有效率的生態系統服務治理仍具高難度。生態系統服務仍屬於較抽象的概念，人們無法直觀的看出其效益與價值；也因如此，目前台灣的農地政策依然是以最低限度的糧食安全供給總量為農地保護的考量基礎，缺乏農地在空間格局上可以發揮其它生態系統服務效益的思維。由於景觀組成與景觀格局的變化，會影響不同生態系統服務類型的供給能力，因此，本文以景觀生態學中做為景觀結構分析工具的景觀指數為基礎，探討農地景觀特徵如何透過不同景觀指數的呈現，評估適合於各種生態系統服務類型的空間配置，冀望透過景觀的空間特徵，建立實質環境與農地生態統服務的關聯性。經文獻評述歸納後發現，在各種農地提供之生態系統服務中，供給服務主要須考慮量體指數與形狀指數；調節服務與文化服務則主要須考慮空間結構指數。此外，本文亦強調位於都市周邊或郊區的農地，因當地居民對於生態系統服務的需求程度不同，故在農地景觀特徵上的要求也應有所差異。透過景觀指數的輔助進而配置農地，不僅能提高農地生態系統的服務效率，也有助於在農地政策執行上建立更具體的管理準則。

關鍵字

農地景觀 ； 生態系統服務 ； 景觀生態學 ； 景觀指數

並列摘要

The public is aware of the ecosystem services of farmland, however, current farmland policies are inadequate for effectively governing ecosystem services. Due to the abstract concept of ＂ecosystem services,＂ it is difficult to directly realize their benefits and value. For this reason, current farmland policies in Taiwan remain focused on farmland protection for the purpose of food security and lack the vision that the spatial configuration of farmlands can yield other benefits of ecosystem services. Different composition and configuration of landscape characteristics can have varying effects on the delivery of ecosystem services. In this study, we aimed at examining how farmland landscape metrics can be used to evaluate the spatial configuration of various ecosystem services from the viewpoint of landscape ecology. We also examined the spatial characteristics of landscapes to analyze the correlation between physical environments and farmland ecosystem services. Our findings revealed that area metrics and shape metrics of farmland landscape can be used to measure the provisioning services, while spatial configuration metrics can be used to measure regulating services and cultural services of farmland. In addition, we compared peri-urban and rural farmlands to emphasize that farmland landscape characteristics differ according to the location because local residents have different demands for ecosystem services. Planning the configuration of farmlands based on landscape metrics can enhance the benefits from farmland ecosystem services and serve as a reference for establishing practical management guidelines for implementing farmland policies.

並列關鍵字

Farmland landscape ； ecosystem services ； landscape ecology ； landscape metrics