以生物防治觀點探討荔枝椿象防治的整合技術發展

本文介紹近年來針對危害荔枝、龍眼果園甚劇的荔枝椿象（Tessaratoma papillosa），東南亞各鮮果生產國所實施的病蟲害綜合防治管理（integrated pest management, 簡稱IPM）實施的經驗。除了施以化學農藥除蟲之外，相關國家以自然模式防治荔枝椿象的方式約有蟲生真菌、印度苦楝樹、卵寄生昆蟲與天敵。其中透過球孢白殭菌（Beauveria bassiana）等蟲生真菌施用，由於易於生產以及對目標物種的特異性高，在土壤中具有持久性，成效良好因此受到注目。部份研究則提出由印度苦楝樹提煉的印楝素（azadirachtin）對半翅目成蟲的毒性作用，具有顯著減少荔枝椿象數量的效果，果品也可符合食用安全性，成為可以施用的選項。國內目前對於卵寄生昆蟲的採用乃以具壽命長，產卵期長，繁殖力高的平腹小蜂種（Anastatus spp.）為主，是國內常用的應用模式。相關文獻田野調查中也發現除鳥類與蜘蛛外，螳螂（Hierodula patellifera）（Mantodea：Mantidae）可和荔枝椿象並存於果園中，顯示螳螂成蟲也是有效天敵可應用於防治。本文針對各國防治經驗與我國產業特性，配合現行防治措施與農科單位研發，提出「生物製劑為主，卵寄生昆蟲與本土天敵為輔」的多重持續性田間防治策略，以符合我國氣候環境與果園作業特性，有效降低成本與技術門檻，擴大參與施用範圍，達到環境與經濟雙贏的目標。

關鍵字

荔枝椿象；病蟲害綜合防治管理；蟲生真菌；荔枝；龍眼

並列摘要

This article introduces the experience in the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) to the fresh fruit producing countries in Southeast Asia against the lychee stink bug (Tessaratoma papillosa), which is extremely harmful to lychee and longan orchards in recent years. In addition to applying chemical pesticides to eliminate insects, relevant countries use natural methods to control litchi stink bugs, including entomogenous fungi, azadirachtin, egg parasitic insects, and natural enemies. Application through entomogenous fungi such as Beauveria bassiana has attracted attention due to its easy production and high specificity to the target species, good persistence in the soil. Some studies have suggested that azadirachtin extracted from neem tree has a toxic effect on hemiptera adults, and has significant effect of reducing the number of litchi stink bugs. The fruit can also meet the food safety requirements and become an option that can be applied. The current domestic use of egg parasitic insects is mainly Anastata fulloi with long lifespan, long spawning period, and high fecundity, which is a common application mode in Taiwan. Field investigations also found that apart from birds and spiders, mantises (Hierodula patellifera) (Mantodea: Mantidae) can coexist with litchi stink bugs in orchards, indicating that adult mantises are also effective natural enemies and can be used for pest control. Based on the control experience of various countries and the characteristics of local industry, this article proposes a multiple continuous field control strategy of ＂biological agents first, egg parasitic insects and local natural enemies next＂ in conjunction with the current control measures and research development. This new IPM strategy make orchard reduce the cost with low technical threshold, and achieve the win-win goal for environment and fruit industry.

並列關鍵字

Litchi stink bug ； integrated pest management ； entomogenous fungi ； litchi ； longan

國際替代計量

以生物防治觀點探討荔枝椿象防治的整合技術發展

全文下載

主題瀏覽