脂肪酸鉀鹽對荔枝椿象與平腹小蜂之毒性差異及其於寄主植物的藥害分析

Susceptibility of litchi stink bugs (Tessaratoma papillosa Drury) and parasitoid wasps (Anastatus formosanus Crawford) to potassium salts of fatty acids and phytotoxicity analysis of host plants

蔡尚諺(Shang-Yan Tsai) ； 許如君(Ju-Chun Hsu)

《台灣昆蟲》 39卷3期 (2019/08) Pp. 115-124

https://doi.org/10.6662/TESFE.201908_39(3).004

摘要

本研究以三種較安全的資材，脂肪酸鉀鹽（potassium salts of fatty acids, FAPS）、苦楝油（neem oil）、礦物油（petroleum oil），以及部分登記於荔枝、龍眼之化學殺蟲藥劑，包括賽洛寧（lambda-cyhalothrin）、第滅寧（deltamethrin）、芬殺松 （fenthion）及亞滅培（acetamiprid），分別以浸漬法或局部滴定法測定對荔枝椿象（Tessaratoma papsillosa Drury）及平腹小蜂（Anastatus formosanus Crawford）之感受性，以評估測試各資材對荔枝椿象之致死效果及對平腹小蜂的安全性。浸漬法結果顯示，脂肪酸鉀鹽對荔枝椿象一齡若蟲效果優於苦楝油及礦物油，且可達到100%死亡率，但對成蟲防治所需劑量則超過標示登記濃度。局部滴定法結果顯示，四種化學殺蟲劑中，荔枝椿象一齡若蟲及成蟲對亞滅培的感受性最差，一齡若蟲對第滅寧的感受性最高，成蟲則是對芬殺松感受性最高。平腹小蜂、荔枝椿象成蟲及一齡若蟲對測試資材的感性程度相比，平腹小蜂對化學殺蟲劑的感受性較高，但對脂肪酸鉀鹽的感受性較低。進一步以亞滅培和脂肪酸鉀鹽進行盆栽藥效及藥害試驗，兩者對荔枝椿象一齡若蟲有良好的防治效果。在藥害觀察中，發現脂肪酸鉀鹽對玉荷包之花器會造成嚴重藥害徵狀，但對荔枝、龍眼及台灣欒樹之葉片皆不見顯著藥害。綜合上述，田間應可以於平腹小蜂釋放期或野外小蜂密度發生高時，施用對其風險較低之脂肪酸鉀鹽防治荔枝椿象若蟲，以達整合管理之操作。

關鍵字

不列管農藥 ； 脂肪酸鉀鹽 ； 卵寄生蜂 ； 相容性

並列摘要

Here, we used dipping assays and topical bioassays to test the susceptibility of litchi stink bug (LSB; Tessaratoma papillosa Drury) and parasitoid wasps (Anastatus formosanus Crawford) to three low-toxicity substances (namely potassium salts of fatty acids, FAPS, neem oil, and petroleum oil) and four pesticides registered for use on litchi and longan (namely, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, fenthion, and acetamiprid) to assess their efficacy in controlling LSBs and safety for parasitoid wasps. The dipping assay results indicated that FAPS caused 100% mortality in first-instar LSB nymphs, displaying higher efficacy compared with neem oil and petroleum oil; however, the dosage required to control adult LSBs surpassed that of recommended dosages. Topical bioassay for the four pesticides revealed that first-instar nymphs and adult LSBs had the lowest susceptibility to acetamiprid, whereas they had the highest susceptibility to deltamethrin and fenthion, respectively. Compared with adult LSBs and first-instar nymphs, parasitoid wasps displayed higher susceptibility to the pesticides but lower susceptibility to FAPS. Additional experiments testing the efficacy and phytotoxicity of acetamiprid and FAPS in greenhouses indicated that both the agents had high control efficacy toward first-instar LSB nymphs. In terms of phytotoxicity, FAPS caused serious phytotoxic effects on litchi flowers, but no significant damage to the leaves of litchi, longan, and flamegold plants. In summary, to realize the benefits of integrated management, the relatively low-risk FAPS should be used for controlling LSB nymphs in the field either after the release of parasitoid wasps or when the prevalence of wild parasitoid wasps is high.

並列關鍵字

exempted product ； potassium salts of fatty acids ； egg parasitoid wasp ； compatibility