友善耕作體系之害蟲防治策略－以應用平腹小蜂防治荔枝椿象為例

友善耕作體系，為達到作物安全生產、維護水土資源、生態環境與生物多樣性，不使用化學藥劑進行農耕種植，可積極保護人類健康及資源永續利用。應用自然天敵—平腹小蜂（Anastatus japonicas）生物防治荔枝椿象（Tessaratoma papillosa （Drury））為友善環境與永續農業之最佳防治策略，但進行害蟲生物防治之前，須先充分了解荔枝椿象及平腹小蜂之分布、生活史、生活習性及行為等基本生物學訊息。荔枝椿象在台灣主要偏好為害荔枝、龍眼與台灣欒樹，成蟲和若蟲均以刺吸式口器吸食植株嫩梢、花穗和幼果汁液，族群密度量高時，可導致植株枯死，影響荔枝與龍眼產量甚鉅。荔枝椿象受干擾時，會噴出具腐蝕性之臭液，除會造成果實灼傷、降低荔枝與龍眼商品價值外，若臭液不甚觸及人體皮膚，可能引發過敏或皮膚紅腫潰爛，若不慎接觸眼睛，恐有影響視力甚至失明之虞。在友善耕作體系之荔枝椿象防治應用，以人工捕捉、田間管理、物理防治及生物防治最適合使用，目前屏東科技大學植物醫學系生物防治研究團隊已開發合適之天敵—平腹小蜂，並已在研究室建立大量繁殖卵寄生蜂族群之技術，在實際田間釋放天敵應用上亦有極佳成果。

關鍵字

友善耕作體系；荔枝椿象；平腹小蜂；生物學訊息；生物防治；害蟲綜合管理策略

並列摘要

The Eco-friendly farming system can actively protect human health and sustainable use of resources in order to achieve crop production, maintain water and soil resources, ecological environment and biodiversity. The application of natural enemies to control litchi stink bug, Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury), is the best strategy for Eco-friendly environment and sustainable agriculture. However, we necessary to understand the distribution, life history, habits and behaviors of T. papillosa. In Taiwan, T. papillosa prefers litchi, longan and Taiwan eucalyptus. Adults and nymphs to suck young shoots, spikes and young fruit. When the population density is increase, its damage lead to the death of plants, affecting the production of litchi and longan. When the T. papillosa is disturbed, it will eject a corrosive secretion fluid. In addition to causing fruit burns and lowering the value of lychee and longan, if the secretion fluid does touch the human skin, it may cause allergies or skin redness and ulceration. In the Eco-friendly farming system, the use of capture by human, field management, physical control and biological control is most suitable. At present, the biological control research team of the Department of Plant Medicine of Pingtung University of Science and Technology has developed a suitable natural enemy, Anastatus japonicas, and has established mass production of techniques for breeding parasitoids in the laboratory, and has also achieved excellent results in the application of natural enemies in the field.

並列關鍵字

Eco-friendly farming system ； Tessaratoma papillosa ； Anastatus japonicas ； Biological traits ； biological control ； integrated pest management

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友善耕作體系之害蟲防治策略－以應用平腹小蜂防治荔枝椿象為例

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