溫度對茄葉上南黃薊馬生活史特徵之影響

Temperature effect on the life history traits of Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on eggplant leaf

黃莉欣(Huang, L. H.) ； 陳秋男(Chen, C. N.)

《植物保護學會會刊》 46卷2期 (2004/06) Pp. 99-111

https://doi.org/10.6715/PPB.200406_46(2).0001

摘要

南黃薊馬（Thrips palmi Karny）以茄葉飼養在15、21、25、30、35℃五種溫度下，觀察溫度對其生存、發育的影響，並據以估計其在台灣中部田間發生的世代數。結果顯示，飼養在35℃下的南黃薊馬從卵至成蟲的存活率僅有4-8%，羽化的成蟲平均壽命僅有2.8-2.9日且不產卵。前四種溫度下，從卵至成蟲存活率分別為62.3、42.1、80.3及55.8%，全期發育所需時間分別為29.9、19.6、12.3及10.4日。雌蟲壽命則隨溫度的升高而縮短，分別為21.6、20.2、15.4及9.7日。雌蟲總產卵數及產卵速率以飼養在25℃下者為最大，但其產卵期最短約21日，平均每隻雌蟲的產卵數為57.1粒。從發育時間、成蟲壽命及產卵數的結果顯示25-30℃為南黃薊馬發育生長最適的溫度。利用溫度與發育速率的直線關係模式估算發育臨界低溫為7.7±0.2℃，而有效積溫為227.2±3.3°D。利用1999-2002年農業試驗所霧峰氣象站每日的平均氣溫估算南黃薊馬在台灣中部一年可能發生25-26代。

關鍵字

南黃薊馬 ； 茄葉 ； 溫度 ； 發育臨界低溫 ； 有效積溫 ； 生活史特徵

並列摘要

Cohorts of Thrips palmi Karny were reared on eggplant leaf at 15, 21, 25, 30, and 35 °C in growth chambers for 3 generations to study the life history traits of these thrips. The results showed that the survival rate of T. palmi from egg to adult was only 4%-8% at 35 °C, and the adult females and males lived only 2.9 and 2.8 days, respectively, without laying any eggs. Under the first 4 temperature conditions, the pre-adult stage took respectively 29.9, 19.6, 12.3, and 10.4 days to complete development. The longevity of adult females became shorter as the rearing temperature increased, being 21.6, 20.2, 15.4, and 9.7 days, at the respective temperatures. Females had the highest fecundity (57.1 eggs/female) at 25 °C, but the oviposition period was the shortest (ca. 21 days). Based upon the developmental period of immature stages, adult longevity, and fecundity, we concluded that 25-30 °C is optimal for population growth of T. palmi on eggplant. A simple linear regression of the developmental rate on temperature ranging from 15 to 30 °C showed that the lower developmental threshold (T_0) was 7.7 °C (SE = 0.2 °C) and the cumulative effective temperature (K) was 227.2 degree-days (SE = 3.3 degree-days) for T. palmi to complete development from eggs to adults. Based on the above values of T_0 and K, and meteorological data of ARI at Wufeng during 1999 to 2002, we estimated that this thrips could complete 25 to 26 generations per year in central Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Thrips palmi ； eggplant leaf ； temperature ； lower developmental threshold ； cumulative effective temperature ； life history traits