摩羅，志怪，民俗：魯迅詩學的非理性視域

Mara, Anomaly and Folklore: On the Visions of Irrationality in Lu Xun's Poetics

劉正忠(Cheng-Chung Liu)

《清華學報》 39卷3期 (2009/09) Pp. 429-472

https://doi.org/10.6503/THJCS.2009.39(3).04

摘要

本文旨在論述魯迅詩學所蘊含的一種非理性視域，進而探討漢語美學現代性的議題。文中嘗試綜合考慮西方詩學影響、本土民俗體驗、作者人格構造等三種因素，進行相互印證，以便展示其繁複的面貌。首先，將重考青年魯迅留日時期所受容的「摩羅詩學」，著重闡釋他對平和美學觀與馴良倫理觀的批判。其次，則將分析魯迅對「民間信仰」的運用與「志怪傳統」的發揚。一則聯結外來的「摩羅」與本土的「鬼物」，一則區判「魔／鬼」的型態與內涵。最後，則從「詩意」與「詩語」等兩個方面，進一步觀察非理性因素如何落實於文本，創造富於現代性的嶄新詩學範式。

關鍵字

摩羅詩學 ； 志怪書寫 ； 民俗 ； 魯迅 ； 非理性詩學

並列摘要

This article discusses the visions of irrationality in Lu Xun's poetics and explores modernity in Chinese esthetics. I consider three factors synthetically-poetic influences from the West, local folklore, and the personality of the author-which, studied together, reveal their complicated features. First, the Satanic poetics that Lu Xun had accepted since his youth in Japan is re-examined. My interpretation emphasizes what he criticized about the ethical trends toward docility as well as the esthetic trends toward peace. Next, this article analyzes how Lu Xun applied the ”experience of folk belief” and developed the ”tradition of anomaly writings” (zhiguai). I connect foreign ”Satan” (Mara) and local ”vengeful ghosts,” on the one hand, and recognize their particular type and content on the other. Finally, I focus on ”poetic meaning” and ”poetic language” to observe how irrational factors were practiced in texts. The result has been a brand-new poetic paradigm which is rich in modernity.

並列關鍵字

Satanic poetics ； anomaly writing ； folklore ； Lu Xun ； irrational poetics

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