先秦條件句標記「苟」、「若」、「使」的功能

本文試圖在事理觀點的標記研究之外，開啟另一種詮釋的可能性，從標記起源與發展的角度，辨析先秦「苟」、「若」、「使」的語義功能。文獻證據顯示它們是有功能分工的。「若」注記相對或不確定條件，言說者可藉此將自身抽離言說情境；「茍」始於注記言說者祈願實現的條件，延伸注記絕對條件；「使」可能始於注記言說者欲使為真的條件，又延伸注記反向推論的前提。它們都不具有使用上的強制性，使用與否全取決於言說者有意或無意明示其發言態度與立場。先秦「苟」、「若」、「使」真正的功能不在注記條件關係，而在注記條件關係中的言說主觀性。

關鍵字

條件句；條件標記；語義功能；言說主觀性

並列摘要

Although it is well-known that gou 苟, ruo 若, and shi 使 in Pre-Qin Chinese marked protases of conditional sentences, it has rarely been mentioned that they differ in their expressive meanings. The present paper examines the origins of these morphemes and their semantic extensions in order to account for their functional distributions. The paper conc1udes that ruo 若marks a relative or uncertain premise; gou 苟, an absolute premise; and shi 使, a premise for non-factual conditionals. Moreover, these protasis markers are not obligatory for conditional sentences, and the paper suggests that they are used only when the speaker intends to make explicit his/her attitude of expression, i.e., subjectivity of utterance.

並列關鍵字

conditional sentences ； protasis markers ； expressive meaning ； subjectivity of utterance

被引用紀錄

游文福（2009）。《孟子》雖字句研究〔碩士論文，國立清華大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2009.00241

延伸閱讀

趙彤（2021）。A Single Change could Bring Qi (齊) to the Level of Lu (魯) and a Single Change would Bring Lu (魯) to the Way-Studies of Gu, Jiang and Duan on Old Chinese Rhyme。嶺南學報，()，223-240。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20210412005-202112-202212140014-202212140014-223-240
Orekhov, A. N., Sazonova, M. A., Sinyov, V. V., Ryzhkova, A. I., Sazonova, M. D., Khasanova, Z. B., Doroschuk, N. A., Karagodin, V. P., & Sobenin, I. A. (2019). 【論文摘要】Threshold Levels of Heteroplasmy Mutations mtDNA are New Markers of Atherosclerosis. 海峽循環醫學雜誌, 1(2S), 139-139. https://doi.org/10.6907/SCJ.201909/SP_1(2).0112
郭維茹（2018）。On the Grammaticalization of Yun 云: A Formation of Discourse Marker in Classical Chinese。臺大中文學報，(62)，203-237。https://doi.org/10.6281/NTUCL.201809_(62).0005
宋惠如（2022）。On Nakai Riken's Argument Concerning the Loss of Confucius' Chunqiu and the Exegetical Method Used in His Zuozhuan fengyuan｜L'argument de Nakai Riken concernant la disparition du Chunqiu de Confucius et son exégèse du Zuozhuan fengyuan｜中井履軒における孔子『春秋』亡逸説及び『左伝逢原』経解について｜Nakai Rikens Argumente für den Verlust von Konfuzius' Chunqiu und seine exegetische Methode in Zuozhuan fengyuan。清華學報，52(3)，507-550。https://doi.org/10.6503/THJCS.202209_52(3).0003
李洛旻（2021）。A Discussion on the Use of the Function Words nai 乃, sui 遂 and bu 不 in the Yi li 儀禮。饒宗頤國學院院刊，(8)，79-108。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=P20180606001-202109-202111260010-202111260010-79-108

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先秦條件句標記「苟」、「若」、「使」的功能

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