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臺灣客語「VC來」與「V分佢C」句式的「我者」視角

The ‘Self’ Perspective of ‘VC lai ’ and ‘V pun ki C’Constructions in Taiwanese Hakka

摘要


本文嘗試以「我者」討論臺灣客語「VC來」和「V分佢C」兩種特有句式。這兩種句式都隱含「我者」視角,「VC來」直接與「我者」有關,而「V分佢C」則因為「佢」而間接隱含「我者」。「我者」說法可以解釋客語這兩種句式的共通及相異之處,並能說明漢語受事主語句發達以及與第三稱虛指代詞「他」相關等語言特點。本文提出「我者」說法不以「動詞」為中心出發,而以「人」為中心,以「人我對待關係」為中心,有助於進一步理解客語、甚至漢語特有的語言本質。

並列摘要


This paper proposes a ‘self’ approach to deal with two imperative constructions in Taiwanese Hakka, the ‘V C lai’ and ‘V pun ki C’ constructions. There is an implicit ‘self’ voice in these two constructions. The ‘V C lai’ construction is connected directly to this ‘self’ voice, while the ‘V pun ki C’ construction implies it indirectly because of the third-person singular pronoun ki. This analysis is advantageous in that it can account for the similarities and differences of these two constructions, as well as explain the linguistic features of ‘patient-as-subject’ prominent sentences and the third-person singular pronoun ta-sentences in Mandarin. The ‘self’ perspective is not based on "verbs," but on the interlocutors in discourse and their ‘self-other’ relationships. These investigations can help us further our understanding of Hakka and even of Mandarin.

參考文獻


楊時逢,《臺灣桃園客家方言》,臺北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所,1957 [1992]。
江敏華,〈東勢客家話「同」與「分」的語法特徵及二者之間的關係〉,《語言暨語言學》,7.2,臺北:2006,頁339-364。
徐富美,〈古代漢語介詞「與」後賓語省略的語篇詮釋——兼評董秀芳〈古漢語中介賓位置上的零形回指及其演變〉〉,《漢學研究》,25.2,臺北:2007,頁365-389。
劉承慧,〈上古到中古「來」在構式中的演變〉,《語言暨語言學》,13.2,臺北: 2012,頁247-287。
Haiman, John. “Conditionals Are Topics,” Language 54:564-589, 1978.

被引用紀錄


徐富美(2017)。從語篇看古漢語隱性成分功能──以系統功能語言學為角度〔博士論文,國立清華大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0016-0401201816124363

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