四字格成語的習語性和規律性－以「一X#Y」為例

四字格成語形式固定，意義深遠又饒富文化內涵，但先行研究卻鮮少突顯其習語性和規律性。本研究採構式語法（construction grammar），分析四字格成語於語法、語義及語用層面的習語性和規律性，以「一X#Y」（「#」表數字）的四字格構式為主要關注焦點，聚焦分析三個類型頻率（type frequency）最高的具體形式「一X一Y」、「一X二Y」和「一X千Y」，並探討構式成語的語法功能。此外，本文除了從隱喻延伸（metaphorical extension）的角度來梳理嵌入成語構式的雙字詞和構式之間的互動關係外，也將探討不同構式之間互動的可能性。而「一例一休」和「一帶一路」等新創四字格，也顯示一個構式的類型頻率愈高，能產性愈強。換而言之，成語雖屬「固定詞組」，但在現代漢語，也同時具有某種程度的開放性與能產性。

關鍵字

漢語四字格成語；構式語法；一X一Y ；一X二Y ；一X千Y

並列摘要

Chinese four-character idioms possess structural uniformity, profound meaning and cultural connotation; however, the research in the field has failed to give sufficient prominence to their idiomaticity and regularity. Adopting the framework of ＂Construction Grammar,＂ in this article we discuss their interrelated syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic features by examining four-character forms with the patterning [yi-X-#-Y] 'one-X-number-Y'. In particular, we examine instances that fall under three specific prefabs with high type frequency: [yi- X-yi-Y] 'one-X-one-Y', [yi-X-er-Y] 'one-X-two-Y', and [yi-X-qian-Y] 'one-X-thousand- Y.' We also investigate their syntactic functions. In addition, we explore the relationships between X, Y, and the construction from the perspective of metaphorical extension, and investigate the interaction between different constructions. Newly created idioms such as [yi-li-yi-xiu] 'One mandatory day off and one flexible rest day' and [yi-dai-yi-lu] 'The Belt and Road' imply that the higher the type frequency of a construction, the higher its productivity. In other words, being classified as fixed phrases, idiomatic expressions have a certain degree of openness and productivity in Modern Chinese.

並列關鍵字

Chinese four-character idioms ； construction ； yi-X-yi-Y ； yi-X-er-Y ； yi-X-qian-Y

參考文獻

游文福 Yew Boon Hock，〈先秦的定型複合〔相 V〕與「相」的語義功能〉“Xianqin de dingxing fuhe [xiang V] yu ‘xiang’ de yuyi gongneng”，《清華學報》Qinghua xuebao，43.1，新竹 Hsinchu：2013，頁 97-126。doi: 10.6503/THJCS.2013.43(1).03

Anshen, Frank and Mark Aronoff. “Morphological Productivity and Phonological Transparency,” The Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 26, 1981, pp. 63-72. doi: 10.1017/S0008413100023525

Bybee, Joan. “From Usage to Grammar: The Mind’s Response to Repetition,” Language, 82.4, 2006, pp. 711-733. doi: 10.1353/lan.2006.0186

Fillmore, Charles J., Paul Kay, and Mary Catherine O’Connor. “Regularity and Idiomaticity in Grammatical Constructions: The Case of Let Alone,” Language, 64.3, 1988, pp. 501-538. doi: 10.2307/414531

劉叔新 Liu Shuxin，《漢語描寫詞匯學》Hanyu miaoxie cihuixue，北京 Beijing：商務印書館Shangwu yinshuguan，2000。

Google Scholar

國際替代計量

四字格成語的習語性和規律性－以「一X#Y」為例

全文下載

主題瀏覽