不同萃取方法對中國八角果實與香水樹花精油成分之影響與活性評估

Bioactivities Evaluation of Essential Oils from "Illicium Verum" Fruit and "Cananga Odorata" Flower by Different Extraction Methods

謝瑞忠(Jui-Chung Shieh) ； 陳盈如(Ying-Ju Chen)

《中華林學季刊》 46卷4期 (2013/12) Pp. 503-520

摘要

本試驗以水蒸氣蒸餾法（Steam distillation, SD）、同時水蒸氣蒸餾－有機溶劑萃取法（Simultaneous steam distillation-extraction, SDE）以及有機溶劑萃取法（Organic solvent extraction, OSE）等三種方法萃取中國八角（＂Illicium verum＂）果實與香水樹（＂Cananga odorata＂）花之精油，並比較其成分差異。結果顯示，不同萃取方法所得之中國八角果殼與種子精油成分皆以＂trans＂-Anethole（＞ 87%）為主。而香水樹花精油成分則隨著萃取方法不同而有所差異，其中以SD法與SDE法萃取之精油主成分較為相近。在抗菌活性評估方面，以SD法以及OSE法萃取之中國八角果殼精油具有較佳之抗菌活性。當精油使用濃度為800 μg/mL時，對Trichoderma sp.之抗菌指數分別為82.1%與88.5%；香水樹花則以SD法萃取所得之精油抗菌活性最佳，當精油使用濃度為800 μg/mL時，可完全抑制L. ＂betulina＂之生長，對＂Trichoderma＂ sp.亦可達90.8%之抗菌指數。抗氧化活性方面，中國八角種子精油之總酚類含量最高，而且總酚類含量與DPPH自由基清除能力及還原力顯示正相關之趨勢。但超氧自由基清除能力與總酚類含量則無明顯相關性，整體而言其精油之抗氧化活性無特別良好之表現。

關鍵字

水蒸氣蒸餾法 ； 同時水蒸氣蒸餾－有機溶劑萃取法 ； 有機溶劑萃取法 ； 中國八角 ； 香水樹 ； 精油 ； 氣相層析－質譜分析

並列摘要

The components of essential oils from ＂Illicium verum＂ hull and seed and ＂Cananga odorata＂ flower obtained by steam dist illation (SD), simultaneous steam distillation-extraction (SDE), and organic solvent extraction (OSE) methods were determined by gas chromatographymass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses in this study. From the results of GC-MS analyses, both the hull and seed essential oils of ＂I. verum＂ were found to contain mainly ＂trans＂-anethole (＞ 87%), while the components of ＂C. odorata＂ flower essential oils were varied with different extraction methods. In addition, antifungal activities of essential oils by different methods against four fungi were investigated. Results from antifungal tests demonstrated that essential oils of ＂I. verum＂ hull extracted by SD and OSE methods had the strongest antifungal activity against ＂Trichoderma＂ sp. with antifungal index of 82.1% and 88.5%, respectively. As to ＂C. odorata＂ flower, the essential oils extracted by SD method exhibited the best antifungal activity against ＂L. betulina＂ (100%) and ＂Trichoderma＂ sp. (90.8%) at the concentration 800 μg/mL. The antioxidant activities were carried out using various antioxidant assays, including DPPH free radical assays and reducing power assay. In addition, total phenolic contents of these essential oils were also determined. Results revealed that, among the various samples, the ＂I. verum＂ seed which contains the highest percentage of phenolic compounds exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. In addition, the ＂I. verum＂ seed essential oils also exhibited the highest reducing power and scavenging activity on DPPH free radical. In general, the essential oils extracted from ＂I. verum＂ seed, hull and ＂C. odorata＂ flower were weak antioxidant activities.

並列關鍵字

Steam distillation ； Simultaneous steam distillation-extraction ； Organic solvent extraction ； "Illicium verum" ； "Cananga odorata" ； Essential oils ； Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry