臺灣12種重要針葉樹種之數位立體像對判釋

Interpretation of Stereo Image Pair for 12 Major Conifers Tree Species in Taiwan

陳建璋(Jan-Chang Chen) ； 葉日嫈(Jih-Ying Yeh) ； 鄧國禎(Teng Kuo-Deng) ； 陳朝圳(Chaur-Tzuhn Chen)

《中華林學季刊》 47卷2期 (2014/06) Pp. 193-213

摘要

數位製圖相機與空載數位掃描儀之影像，不但具有高空間解析力，且具有良好的輻射及光譜解析度，其影像品質較傳統相機者為佳，可供土地利用分類及製圖之用。本研究係針對臺灣重要針葉樹，以高解析力數位航測影像，檢視單株林木外觀、色澤及紋理等形態依不同林齡、造林狀態及氣候區條件篩選針葉樹純林立體像對，所選取之純林樣區面積必須大於0.5 ha，並進行現場調查檢核。判釋研究係以立體像對及偏光眼鏡電子像片檔，參考現場照片等資訊，找出針葉樹垂直影像之冠幅大小、樹冠輪廓、樹冠結構、樹葉覆蓋度、紋理、色調、彩度、明度及陰影等之特徵，將其彙製成特徵總表，再依據影像特徵及地理分布，建立立體像對判釋檢索表。結果計完成臺灣冷杉、臺灣雲杉、臺灣華山松、臺灣五葉松、臺灣二葉松、臺灣鐵杉、巒大杉、柳杉、臺灣杉、臺灣扁柏、紅檜及臺灣肖楠等12樹種特徵表，製作可供判讀參照的42組立體像對，並將易混淆之林型建立額外處理之方法。運用判釋檢索表，可協助上述針葉樹種之數位立體航照判釋；增加航空數值影像利用價值；提升林相判釋速度及正確性；提供森林資源調查人員及航照判釋人員參考。

關鍵字

高解析度數位影像 ； 針葉樹 ； 立體像對 ； 判釋檢索表

並列摘要

Digital Mapping Camera (DMC) and Airborne Digital Sensor (ADS) images have advantages of high spatial and spectral resolutions. The qualities of the images are better than those of traditional cameras at landuse classification and mapping. In this study, we used the high-resolution digital images to examine the appearance, color and texture of the important conifer species with different growth conditions in Taiwan. According to the different age, plantation status, and climate zone to select the stereo images of the coniferous species. Selected pure forest area in images had to be larger than 0.5 ha and also needed to the fi eld investigation for recheck the plantations. We used stereo images pair and polarized glasses electronic photos, referring to the site photos in order to find out the characteristics of the conifer tree, such as crown width size, crown contour, crown structure, leaf coverage, texture, tone, saturation, brightness and shadow. We collected these characteristics for a features table, then according the image characteristics and geographical distribution to establish the interpretation key table for stereo images classifi cation. We had fi nished 12 conifer species feature table that contained ＂Abies kawakamii＂ (Hayata) T. Ito, ＂Picea morrisonicola＂ Hayata, ＂Pinus armandii＂ Franch. var. ＂masteriana＂ (Hayata) Hayata, ＂Pinus morrisonicola＂ Hayata, ＂Pinus taiwanensis＂ Hayata, ＂Tsuga chinensis＂ var. ＂formosana＂ (Franch.) E. Pritz, ＂Cunninghamia konishii＂ Hayata, ＂Cryptomeria japonica＂ (Thunb. ex L. F.) D. Don, ＂Tawiania Cryptomerioides＂ Hayata, ＂Chamaecyparis obtusa＂ Siebold & Zucc. var. ＂formosana＂ (Hayata) Rehder, ＂Chamaecyparis formosensis＂ Matsum, and ＂Calocedurs formosana＂ (Florin) Florin. There were 42 stereo image pairs available for the reference of interpretation. We made some additional methods for those forest types were confused easily. Applications of the keys can assist the digital interpretation of those conifer species. It also can promote the value of ADS images to increase the forest type classification accuracy and efficiency. The interpretation key can provide reference for forest resources inventory and aerial photographs interpreter.

並列關鍵字

High resolution digital image ； Conifers ； Stereo image pair ； Interpretation key table