臺灣東南部低地次生林植群分類研究

Vegetation Classification of Lower Montane Secondary Forest in Southeastern Taiwan

楊勝任(Sheng-Zehn Yang) ； 張善誌(Shang-Chih Chang) ； 林禹任(Yu-Jen Lin) ； 李靜峰(Ching-Feng Li)

《中華林學季刊》 48卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 17-53

摘要

臺灣東南部地區分布多樣的次生林植物社會，但仍缺乏依據國際植群命名法規命名的群叢，本研究於臺東縣達仁鄉面積約576 ha的低地次生林進行植物組成、環境因子對森林結構影響的研究，設置177個400 m^2樣區，量測13項環境因子，每一樣區紀錄所有維管束植物並估計其覆蓋度。使用雙向指標種分析和降趨對應分析進行植群分類，所分出的群叢依國際植群命名法規命名，並以典型對應分析測試物種組成與環境因子間的關係，藉由Monte Carlo測試萃取顯著的環境因子，解釋各群叢與環境因子間的關係。調查結果全區共紀錄維管束植物146科、501屬、915種，其中包括47種稀有植物。植群共分出8個群叢：山柚－白榕群叢；樟葉槭－大葉楠群叢；圓果冷水麻－筆筒樹群叢；硃砂根－南仁五月茶群叢；臺灣錐花－假赤楊群叢；浸水營石櫟－長尾尖葉櫧群叢；披針葉蕘花－嶺南青剛櫟群叢；臺灣樹參－華河瓊楠群叢。使用典型對應分析得出解釋群叢分化的能力最高的環境因子為地表裸露，其次為坡向、林分指數、岩石地比例、喬木層覆蓋、坡度和地形凹凸。本研究詳列依國際植群命名法規命名的群叢所需要的相關資訊，可做為日後植群分類研究的參考。

關鍵字

群叢 ； Braun-Blanquet尺度 ； 典型對應分析 ； 次生林

並列摘要

Diversed plant communities of secondary forest were distributed in southeastern region of Taiwan, but they were still lack of name associations on the basis of international code of phytosociological nomenclature. An area of about 576 ha of lower montane secondary forest located in Daren Township, Taitung County was investigated for plant composition, effects of environmental factors on the structure of forest vegetation. There were 177 plots with an area of 400 m2 together with 13 environmental factors were investigated. In each plot, all vascular plant species were recorded and their cover was estimated. Two way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) were used to classify vegetation into different associations and named by international code of phytosociological nomenclature. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Monte Carlo permutation test were used to extract the significant environmental factors to evaluate their effect on the vegetation associations. Experimental results indicated that 146 families, 501 genus and 915 species of vascular plant including 47 rare species were recorded in this forest area. The vegetation relevés were classifi ed into eight associations: ＂Champereio manillanae-Ficetum benjamina＂ association, ＂Aceri albopurpurascetis-Machiluetum kusanoi＂ association, ＂Pileo rotundinuculae-Cyathetum lepiferae＂ association, ＂Ardisio crenatae-Antidesmetum hiiranense＂ association, ＂Gomphostemmo callicarpoidis-Alniphylletum pterospermi＂ association, ＂Pasanio shinsuiensis-Castanopsis carlesii＂ association, ＂Wikstroemio lanceolatae-Cyclobalanopsietum championii＂ association, and ＂Dendropano dentigeri-Beilschmiedietum tsangii＂ association. The result of CCA presented that the cover of bare was the most important environmental factor to explain the association differentiation, followed by the aspect, stand index, rock percentage, tree coverage, slope and concave. In this study, details of information needed for naming vegetation associations were shown and would be available as a reference for future studies about vegetation classification.

並列關鍵字

association ； Braun-Blanquet scale ； canonical correspondence analysis ； secondary forest