屏東萬隆農場四種平地造林樹種之枯落物與環境因子關係之探討

STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LITTERFALL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF FOUR PLANTATION SPECIES IN THE WANLONG FARM, PINGTUNG

林天培(Tien-Pei Lin) ； 王亞男(Ya-Nan Wang) ； 陳勇至(Yung-Chih Chen) ； 周宏祈(Hong-Chyi Jhou) ； 余瑞珠(Jui-Chu Yu) ； 陳忠義(Chung-I Chen)

《中華林學季刊》 50卷3期 (2017/09) Pp. 265-277

摘要

枯落物常用來推估森林的生產力、物候以及生物量的轉換。本研究乃於屏東萬隆農場的平地造林地進行枯落物之相關試驗，以9年生櫸(Zelkova serrata)及光蠟樹(Fraxinus formosana)、8年生土肉桂(Cinnamomum osmophloeum)及大葉桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla)作為研究對象，比較四樹種間的落葉特性及環境因子對枯落物的影響。自2011年1月到2011年12月每月收集枯落物兩次。結果顯示：櫸的植株密度為967株ha^(-1)，年枯落物量2.92 Mg ha^(-1) yr^(-1)，光蠟樹的植株密度為1,042株ha^(-1)，年枯落物量4.85 Mg ha^(-1) yr^(-1)，土肉桂的植株密度為1,002株ha^(-1)，2.61年枯落物量Mg ha^(-1) yr^(-1)，大葉桃花心木的植株密度為982株 ha^(-1)，年枯落物量2.55 Mg ha^(-1) yr^(-1)。四種樹種皆以落葉占枯落物總量的百分比最多，櫸91.1%，光蠟樹85.8%，土肉桂88.4%，大葉桃花心木94.2%，因此枯落物和落葉呈現相當一致的季節變化。試驗樹種的落葉形式各異，櫸的落葉高峰為9-11月，光蠟樹為10-3月，土肉桂為6-8月，大葉桃花心木為1-4月。光蠟樹及土肉桂的枯落物受溫度影響顯著，大葉桃花心木則受土壤含水率及相對濕度影響，在乾季時有顯著較多的枯落物量。

關鍵字

枯落物量 ； 平地造林 ； 季節變化 ； 萬隆農場

並列摘要

Litterfall collection was used to assess the productivity, phenology, and the conversion of biomass in a forest. This study compared the litterfall dynamics and the environmental influence among four species, which we planted in the Wanlong Farm in Pingtung County. They were 8-9 years-old Zelkova serrata, Fraxinus formosana, Cinnamomum osmophloeum, and Swietenia macrophylla. The litterfall was collected twice a month from January 2011 to December 2011 by using littertrap. The experimental results showed that the stem density was 967, 1042, 1002 and 982 stem ha-1 for Z. serrata, F. formosana, C. osmophloeum, and S. macrophylla, respectively. And the amount of annual litterfall was 2.92, 4.85, 2.61 and 2.55 Mg ha-1yr-1, respectively. The most important component of litterfall was leaf fall, which accounted for 91.1% for Z. serrata plantation, 85.8% for F. formosana plantation, 88.4% for C. osmophloeum plantation, and 94.2% for S. macrophylla plantation. The Z. serrata plantation defoliated from September to November, the F. formosana plantation defoliated from October to March, the C. osmophloeum plantation defoliated from June to August, and the S. macrophylla plantation defoliated from January to April. The litterfall of F. formosana and C. osmophloeum were significantly affected by temperature, whereas S. macrophylla significantly affected by soil water content and relative humidity and manifested more litterfall in dry season.

並列關鍵字

Litterfall ； Plantation ； Seasonal variation ； Wanlong Farm