三種殼斗科橡實之澱粉研究

STUDY ON ACORN STARCHES OF THREE FAGACEAE SPECIES

張乃航(Nai-Hang Chang) ； 黃中宜(Chun-I Hwang)

《中華林學季刊》 50卷4期 (2017/12) Pp. 325-339

摘要

殼斗科植物為台灣海拔2000 m以下森林地區的主要樹種，橡實為殼斗科植物果實的總稱。本文旨在探討本土種青剛櫟(Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cgla)、圓果青剛櫟(C.globosa, Cglo)和外來種板栗(Castanea mollissima, Cm)之橡實中澱粉的物化性質。將青剛櫟的子葉粉，分別以0.5%、0.25%、0.125% NaOH萃取澱粉(Cgla 500、Cgla 250、Cgla125)，瞭解青剛櫟澱粉的特性與抗解澱粉含量，再以普魯蘭酶提升RS的百分率。結果顯示，青剛櫟果實含55%澱粉，直鏈澱粉為38%；以Cgla 250製取之粗蛋白低於0.15%、總多酚＜0.006%、抗解澱粉27%及色澤較明亮(白色度WI=83)，此澱粉以加壓濕熱、普魯蘭酶水解、冷藏處理後，其提升抗解澱粉至37%；Cgla 125製取之粗蛋白1%，抗解澱粉27%，及總多酚含量0.02%較高，但色澤較暗(白色度WI=70)，此澱粉以加壓濕熱、水解、冷藏處理後，提升抗解澱粉至21%，但較Cgla 250低；Cgla 500製取結果之白色度最高(WI=85)，其他基本成分與Cgla 125相似，但抗解澱粉只有16%。比較以0.025%氫氧化鈉製取的圓果青剛櫟(Cglo)和板栗(Cm)澱粉，結果顯示，Cgla 250的抗解澱粉最高(30%)，其次為Cglo 250(17%)及Cm 250 (15%)；若以加壓濕熱－普魯蘭酶水解－冷藏法處理，則所提升抗解澱粉的效果以Cgla 250最佳(51%)，其次為Cglo 250 (49%)及Cm 250 (47%)。

關鍵字

橡實 ； 殼斗科 ； 抗解澱粉

並列摘要

Fagaceae is the major plant family in Taiwan's forest, which distributed in areas below 2000 m elevation. Acorn of Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Cgla) was examined for physiochemical properties of starch. The flour of cotyledons of acorn was treated with 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5% NaOH to obtain starch portion Cgla 125, Cgla 250 and Cgla 500 respectively and investigate their resistant starch (RS) levels were investigated. Results showed that the total starch level was 55% with 38% of amylose. The chemical composition of Cgla 250 was 0.15% crude protein, ＜0.006% total polyphenol, 27% RS with no lipids. When starch samples were treated with moist-heat pressure, pullulanase and then under cold storage, the RS level increased to 37%. The chemical composition of Cgla 125 was 1% crude proteins, 0.02% total polyphenol and 27% RS. The chemical composition of Cgla 500 is similar to that of Cgla 250, except the RS content is 16% only. With the best results of Cgla 250, we used 0.25% NaOH treatment for other two species Cyclobalanopsis globose (Cglo) and Castanea mollissima (Cm). The results showed that RS in Cgla is the highest (30%) followed by Cglo (17%) and Cm (15%). With the enhanced treatment, the RS levels were increased to 51%, 49% and 47%, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Acorn ； Fagaceae ； Resistant starch