RFID於農業上的應用

Applications of RFID to Agriculture

饒瑞佶(Ruey-Chi Jao)

《台灣農學會報》 9卷3期 (2008/06) Pp. 206-225

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.200806_9(3).0002

摘要

無線射頻辨識(Radio Frequency Identification, RFID)技術是近來相當熱門的資訊技術(Information Technology, IT)議題，早在1950年代二次大戰期間，英國便將此項技術應用於戰機的敵我辨識上，之後美國政府實驗室開始運用RFID來管制核能原料。到了1970年代末期，美國政府透過洛斯阿拉莫斯(Los Alamos)科學實驗室將RFID技術轉移到民間，大多數應用仍以商業物流等為主。1985年英國肯特郡發現第一頭有狂牛症的瘋牛後，開始將RFID技術導入到農業，用於活體牲畜的追蹤管理，逐漸演變成生產履歷追蹤系統。近年來各國無不如火如荼的投入此領域的研究，也將應用領域從畜牧業擴展到漁業、農作物生產、物流追蹤管理與收容動物管理等。
雖然仍存在著高成本、RF訊號讀取瓶頸、安全性與技術標準不一等問題，但是伴隨著RFID軟硬體新技術的開發與國際標準化組織(International Organization for Standardization, ISO)對RFID國際標準的統一，使得RFID在農業上的應用越來越成熟，逐步將農業的生產、加工、流通與安全等層面從e化帶到M化，最後進入U化的地步。所謂的U化指的是「Ubiquitous」一無所不在的意思，希望資訊以多方供給與流通的形式提供網狀資訊分享與交流，達到一種資訊無所不在的目的。
本文除了針對RFID技術之緣起、系統組成與各國發展近況做一回顧之外，亦討論標準之制定與各國在農業上之應用及現階段面臨之問題及未來之展望。

關鍵字

無線射頻 ； 資訊科技 ； 智慧環境 ； 生產履歷

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to review the technology development and international applications in RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) recently and also focus on standards establishment, problems of agriculture applications and future perspectives.
RFID technology has become popular in the information technology (IT) field recently. The U.K. government first used RFID technology to identify enemy planes in World War II. Then, the U.S. government used it for nuclear materials management. In late 1970, the U.S. government transferred RFID technology to non-governmental circles through the Los Alamos Laboratory. At that time, most applications were focused on logistics in business. RFID was first introduced into agriculture for livestock tracing in 1985, due to an outbreak of mad-cow disease in the U. K.. The modern food traceability system was constructed after this incident. Recently, many countries have invested lots of resources to develop RFID applications in various ares like animal husbandry, fishery management, crop production, logistics and shelter animal management, et al.
Many shortcomings exist in applying RFID technology, such as a high cost, RF message bottlenecks, security and undefined standards. However, newly developed RFID technology and ISO standards have the potential to increase agricultural applications. Therefore, RFID technology could bring agriculture production, post harvest process, logistics and food safety from e-agriculture into U-agriculture. U-agriculture means ”ubiquitous agriculture.” The ultimate goal of U-agriculture is to build a working-environment that can retrieve information anytime and anywhere.

並列關鍵字

RFID ； Information technology ； Ambient intelligent ； Food traceability